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^^;^or/  of  /A^  Celebration  ofSiy^ 
the  Centennial  of  the  Incor-  ^'^^-t^^-A 
poration  of  the  Town    ^  V f ^ 
o/^  Marlborough 


cnT/» 


August  23^  and  25th  jgoj 


Compiled  and  Published  by 
Mary  Hall 


Hartford  P'fe'ss 

The  Case,  Lockwood  &  Brainard  Company 
1904 


1 


Copyright.  1904, 
By  Mary  Hall. 


^  i  4  W24 


StacH 
Ann^ 


DEDICATED   TO   MY    FATHER 

duatafauH  lEzra  l^all 

WHOSE   LIFELONG   INTEREST    IN   MARLBOROUGH 
INSPIRED   HIS   DAUGHTER   TO 

STUDY    ITS    HISTORY 


32DE#09A 


201325 


The  compiler  of  this  volume  is  greatly  indebted  to  all  per- 
sons who  have  assisted  in  gathering  so  much  valuable  material 
of  historical  interest  for  the  Marlborough  Centennial,  especially 
to  Mr.  F.  C.  Bissell  for  his  faithful  study  of  the  town  bounda- 
ries and  the  preparation  of  the  map  showing  the  evolution  of 
the  town  from  the  three  towns  of  Hebron,  Colchester,  and 
Glastonbury.  Thanks  are  also  due  to  Miss  Frances  Ellen 
Burr  for  services  as  stenographer,  to  Mr.  George  S.  Godard, 
State  Librarian,  for  helpfulness  at  the  State  Library,  and  to 
Hon.  John  Bigelow  and  Hon.  William  H.  Richmond  for  finan- 
cial assistance  in  publishing  this  Report. 

The  ancient  map  of  Hebron  has  been  inserted  to  supply 
what  was  lacking  in  the  ancient  map  of  Marlborough. 


CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH.- CENTENNIAL  DAY. 


MARLBOROUGH.  CENTENNIAL. 


The  first  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  the  town  of  Marlbor- 
ough was  called  at  the  residence  of  Miss  Mary  Hall  on  the 
evening  of  August  25,  1902,  to  discuss  the  celebration  of  the 
centennial  of  the  incorporation  of  the  town  in  August,  1903. 

Rev.  George  P.  Fuller  was  chosen  chairman  and  Theron 
B.  Buell  secretary. 

It  was  voted  to  celebrate  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  incorporation  of  the  town  in  August,  1903. 

It  was  voted  that  an  executive  committee  of  ten  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  chair. 

The  following  committee  was  appointed  : 

George  W.  Buell,  David  Buell, 

Frank  H.  Blish,  William  W.  Bolles, 

Roland  Buell,  Willis  W.  Hall, 

Charles  Carter,  John  H.  Fuller, 

Charles  A.  Clark,  George  Lyman. 


It  was  also  voted  that  Honorable  William  H.  Richmond  of 
Scranton,  Pennsylvania,  and  Honorable  John  Bigelow  of  New 
York  city  be  invited  to  preside  at  the  historical  services,  and 
that  Mr.  Hart  Talcott  be  invited  to  act  as  one  of  the  vice-presi- 
dents. 

At  a  meeting  called  for  July  6,  1903,  the  following  hospi- 
tality committee  of  five  ladies  and  five  gentlemen  was  chosen: 

George  Lyman,  Mrs.  George  Lyman, 

George  Buell,  Mrs.  George   Buell, 

Roland  Buell,  Mrs.  Mattie  B.  Lord, 

John  Lord,  Mrs.  John  W.  Day, 

Roger  B.   Lord,  Mrs.  Roger  B.  Lord. 


8  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

Committee  on  decorations : 

Robert  T.  Buell,  Mrs.  F.  H.  Blish, 

Leon  Buell,  Miss  Helen  Buell, 

John  H.  Fuller,  ]\Iiss  Fannie  Carter, 

Frank  Myers,  Miss  Hattie  Buell, 

Wm.  F.  Joyner,  Miss  Effie  Buell. 


Committee  to  collect  antiques  and  arrange  an  exhibit 

Mrs.  Clayton   Bolles,  [Miss  Edna  Buell, 

Mrs.  Frank  H.  Blish,  Charles   E.   Carter, 

Cla3'ton  Bolles. 


Committee  on  music : 

]\Iiss  Edna  Buell,  ]\Irs.  Clayton  Bolles. 

Committee  to  confer  with  selectmen  for  the  purpose  of  se- 
curing' funds  for  expenses  in  addition  to  private  subscriptions : 

John  Lord.  George  Lyman, 

William  \V.  Bolles. 

Committee  for  picnic : 

John  Coleman,  C.  E.  Carter, 

Paul  Roberts,  W.  W.  Bolles, 

B.  Lyman. 

Treasurer,  George  W.  Buell. 


TREASURER'S  REPORT. 

Contributed   by    citizens,    ......  $63.50 

Contributed  by  town,        .                        .            .  71-75 

Received  for  dinner  tickets,         .....  67.25 


$202.50 
Paid    caterer,  .......        $200.00 

Paid  for  dinner  tickets,     ......  2.50 

$202.50 


PROCiKAM.  9 

The  following  program  was  decided  upon  by  the  town  com- 
mittee : 

Projjram. 

.;t)unDap,  Jtuoust  23b. 

Historical  sermon 
By  Rev.  Joel  S.  Ives. 

<3CueisDap,  3lu0ust  25tt). 

Hon.  John  Bigelow  of  Xew  York, 
Presiding  officer. 

11  a.  m.     Prayer  by  Rev.   Samuel  Hart,  D.D. 

Historical  address,  by  INIiss  Mary  Hall,  Hartford. 

^Military  history  of  the  town,  by  ^Ir.  John  H.  Fuller  of 
Marlborough. 

Town  boundaries,  by  Mr.  F.  Clarence  Bissell  of  .Hart- 
ford. 

Reminiscences,   by   ^^Ir.   Hart   Talcott,   Hartford. 

1  p.  m.     Dinner. 

2  p.  m.     Hon.     Wm.    H.     Richmond,     Scranton,     Pennsylvania, 

president. 
Paper   on    The    Skinners,   Lords,    and   Bigelows,    early 

settlers  of  the  town,  by  Mr.  David  Skinner  Bigelow. 
Address  and  greetings  from  the  Comiecticut  Historical 

Societ}',  by  its  president.  Rev.   Samuel  Hart,  D.D. 
Introduction  of  Hon.  John  Bigelow,  by  Mr.  Richmond. 
Address  by  Hon.  John  Bigelow. 
Address  by  Hon.  Wm.  H.  Richmond. 

The  celebration  of  the  one  htmdredth  anniversary  of  the 
incorporation  of  the  town  of  ^larlborough  was  begiui  Sunday 
morning,  August  23d,  with  services  in  the  Congregational 
Church. 

The  following  is  a  faithful  notice  of  the  Sunday  proceed- 
ings as  printed  by  the  Hartford  Courant  August  24th : 

Marlborough,  the  smallest  town  in  the  state,  began  yesterday  cen- 
tennial exercises,  which  will  continue  tomorrow  with  marked  enthusi- 
asm. One  sees  evidences  of  the  celebration  as  soon  as  Marlborough 
Mills  is  reached,  going  over  from  Glastonbury,  for  flags  are  flying  from 
residences,  a  large  flag  floats  from  a  new  flagpole  in  front  of  the  Metho- 
dist Church,  and  another  from  a  pole  in  front  of  Miss  Mary  Hall's 
summer  home,  opposite  that  church. 

The  exercises  yesterday  were  of  a  religious  character  and  were  held 
in  the  Congregational  Church,  which  was  handsomely  decorated  through 


10  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

the  courtesy  of  the  Cheney  Brothers  of  South  Manchester,  who  not 
only  donated  the  flags  and  bunting,  but  sent  over  men  to  do  the  deco- 
rating. Over  the  entrance  to  the  modest  church  edifice,  a  characteristic 
New  England  country  church,  was  hung  a  United  States  flag,  and  the 
interior  walls  were  draped  with  flags  and  colored  bunting,  hung  between 
the  windows  or  festooned  along  the  top.  Back  of  the  platform  hung 
a  large  flag,  and  on  either  side  "  1803,"  "  1903,"  and  above  it,  suspended 
from  the  ceiling,  was  a  large  stufifed  eagle,  holding  in  his  claws  the 
shield  of  the  United  States,  flanked  by  flags.  Looking  down  from  the 
organ  on  the  right  of  the  platform,  standing  on  each  front  corner,  were 
two  large  stuffed  owls  with  heads  turned  in  a  'cute  way,  as  though  look- 
ing wise  at  what  was  going  on. 

In  front  of  the  pulpit  were  crossed  flags,  and  the  communion  table 
was  decorated  with  potted  flowers  and  cut  flowers  in  vases.  The  in- 
terior of  the  church  presented  an  attractive,  patriotic  appearance.  The 
large  audience  completely  filled  the  edifice  and  many  stood  during  the 
services,  which  began  soon  after  eleven  o'clock  and  lasted  for  about  two 
hours.  Rev.  George  P.  Fuller,  the  pastor  of  the  church,  presided,  and 
was  assisted  by  Rev.  R.  J.  Kyle,  pastor  of  the  Congregational  churches 
at  Gilead  and  Hebron,  both  of  which  suspended  services  yesterday  in 
order  that  their  congregations  might  participate  in  the  Marlborough 
exercises. 

The  singing  was  by  a  mixed  choir  of  nine  voices,  led  by  ^Irs.  W.  O. 
Seyms,  the  organist.  The  singers  were :  sopranos,  Mrs.  H.  A.  Spafard, 
Mrs.  C.  J.  Douglas  of  Boston,  Mrs.  F.  W.  Little,  :\Irs.  E.  H.  Tucker, 
Mrs.  R.  F.  Porter;  alto,  Mrs.  G.  F.  Mitchell;  tenor,  J.  L.  Nott ;  bassos, 
R.  F.  Porter,  W.  O.  Seyms.  They  sang  the  anthems,  "  Blessed  is  He," 
and  "  Remember  Thy  Tender  Alercies,"  and  Mrs.  ]\Iitchell  sang  '"  Nearer 
Home."  The  organ  prelude  was  "  Processional  March  in  F,"  by  Bar- 
nard, the  offertory  was  "  Resignation,"  by  Ashford,  and  the  postlude 
was  "  Ceremonial  March,"  by  Maxfield.  The  Congregational  hymns 
"  All  Hail  the  Power  of  Jesus's  Name  "  and  "  When  I  Can  Read  ^ly 
Title  Clear  to  Mansions  in  the  Skies  "  were  sung  by  choir  and  congrega- 
tion. The  invocation  was  by  Rev.  R.  J.  Kyle  of  Gilead.  Rev.  Joel  S. 
Ives  of  this  city  read  the  scripture  lesson,  prayer  was  offered  by  Rev. 
George  P.  Fuller,  and  the  responsive  reading  was  led  by  the  pastor,, 
the  selections  being  Psalms  122-124.  The  benediction  was  pronounced. 
by  Rev.  J.  S.  Ives. 


REV.  JOEL  IVES. 


HISTORICAL  SERMON. 

By  Rev.  Joel  S.  Ives. 


A  few  weeks  since,  I  chanced  to  speak  of  this  service  at 
Marlborough  in  my  office  in  Hartford  in  the  presence  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Chesebrough,  who  has  just  celebrated  his  ninetieth  birth- 
day, and  he  at  once  remarked,  "  That  is  the  place  where  the 
minister  preached  behind  the  bar  in  the  hotel."  We  are  met 
under  far  more  encouraging  circumstances  today. 

You  will  find  my  text  in  the  prophecy  of  Haggai,  the  first 
chapter,  the  7th  and  8th  verses  : 

"  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts :  Consider  your  ways ;  go  up  into 
the  mountains,  and  bring  wood,  and  build  the  house ;  and  I  will  take 
pleasure  in  it,  and  I  will  be  gloritied,  saith  the  Lord." 

There  is  a  peculiar  interest  in  this  text  from  the  prophecy 
of  Haggai,  where  the  Lord  calls  upon  the  people  to  go  up  into 
the  mountain  and  bring  the  wood  of  which  they  were  to  build 
the  house,  for  it  is  reported  that  Mr.  Mason,  the  first  pastor  of 
this  church,  was  ordained  while  the  people  sat  upon  the  tim- 
bers which  they  had  drawn  from  the  mountain  to  build  the 
house.  This  was  in  May,  1749.  Taking  the  text  in  its  general 
application,  we  may  rejoice  that  the  people  gathered  the  timbers 
and  built  the  house,  and  that  we  have  God's  promise  for  it  that 
He  will  take  pleasure  in  it  and  be  glorified. 

The  Connecticut  town  and  the  Connecticut  church  in  their 
beginnings  were  coincident.  The  history  of  the  one  is  the  his- 
tory of  the  other.  The  old  towns  like  Hartford.  Wethersfield, 
and  Windsor,  and  the  towns  along  the  Sound,  New  Haven, 
Milford,  and  Stratford,  were  each  begun  as  a  religious  enter- 
prise. In  many  cases  the  pastor  gathered  around  him  his  flocks 
as  a  starting  point  for  a  settlement.  The  organization  of  the 
Stamford  church  was  made  in  the  old  country  and  I)r(mght  in- 
tact to  its  present  dwelling  place. 


12  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

In  the  later  history  of  the  towns  the  same  thing  is  true. 
For  example,  in  old  Stratford,  at  the  close  of  its  first  pastorate, 
a  second  church  was  organized  because  of  some  difference  of 
opinion,  and  later  moved  to  the  beautiful  Pomperaug  V^alley, 
and  was  the  beginning  of  Woodbury  and  the  towns  that  have 
been  formed  in  that  neighborhood,  Washington,  Bethlehem, 
Roxbury,  for  example.  For  a  long  period  of  years,  therefore, 
the  origin  of  the  town  and  the  origin  of  the  church  were  practi- 
cally identical.  It  is  fair  to  affirm  that  the  foundations  of  our 
state  are  religious  foundations.  Civil  affairs  were  closely  allied 
to  matters  of  religion.  The  General  Court  authorized  the  Say- 
brooK  convention  of  1708-9,  out  of  which  grew  the  Sa}brook 
platform.  Connecticut  has  exerted  an  influence  upon  the  na- 
tion and  the  world,  because  of  these  religious  characteristics 
and  because  of  the  character  of  her  people,  far  beyond  what 
would  naturally  be  expected  from  her  size  or  numbers.  A 
Frenchman  who  had  heard  so  much  of  Connecticut  and  the 
place  it  had  taken  in  the  affairs  of  the  world  was  interested 
to  find  it  upon  the  map,  and  when  it  was  pointed  out  ex- 
claimed, "  What,  that  leetle  yellow  spot!  "  In  size  and  num- 
bers we  are  small,  but  with  reference  to  the  influence  exerted 
by  the  commonwealth  we  can  take  great  pride. 

There  have  been  marked  changes  in  the  population  of  the 
state.  For  many  years  we  were  made  up  of  country  towns. 
As  late  as  1830  New  Haven's  population  was  10,000  and  Hart- 
ford's 9,000.  A  man  still  living  told  me  that  he  had  hunted  for 
partridges  on  the  hill  where  the  capitol  now  stands.  Our 
fathers  sought  out  their  houses  upon  the  hilltops.  There  was 
a  passion  to  acquire  large  territory.  The  towns,  organized  in 
the  first  place  upon  the  rivers  and  the  shores  of  the  Sound,  early 
sent  out  pioneers  to  the  neighboring  mountain  ranges,  and 
from  early  times  also  there  was  a  drift  from  Connecticut  into 
what  is  now  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire,  where  may  be 
found  many  towns  identical  in  name  with  those  in  Connecticut 
and  jMassachiisetts.  We  may  well  rejoice  in  that  Christian 
civilization  that  early  reached  out  to  help  "  our  brethren  in  the 
w^ilderness,"  —  that  wilderness  being  at  first  in  New  England, 
later  in  New  York  and  Ohio.  From  generation  to  generation, 
in  that  westward  march  of  empire,  in  the  settlement  of  the 


HISTORICAL     SERMON.  1 5 

West,  and  the  carving  out  of  great  empires  in  what  we  used  to 
study  about  as  the  Great  American  Desert.  cHmbing  the  Rocky 
^Mountains,  descending  the  Pacific  slopes,  leaving  evervwhere 
the  impress  of  a  Christian  civilization,  Connecticut  ahvavs  had 
her  full  share.  For  the  "  Winning  of  the  West  "  and  "  The 
Leavening  of  the  Nation,""  Connecticut  has  given  more  than 
$4,500,000  through  the  treasury  of  the  Home  [Missionary  So- 
ciety. Xo  less  than  100,000  of  Xew  England  ancestry  may  be 
found  in  the  magnificent  states  of  Washington  and  Oregon. 
It  is  this  Christian  civilization  which  has  made  the  nation  what 
it  is,  and  in  this  building  of  the  nation  we  cannot  speak  too 
strongly  of  the  foundations  upon  which  the  old  towns  were 
built,  of  these  Christian  influences  which  have  given  the  foun- 
dation of  Christian  character,  of  these  Christian  homes  where 
boys  and  girls  were  trained  in  what  we  sometimes  used  to 
think  a  rigid  discipline,  • — •  studying  a  catechism  rather  than 
riding  a  bicycle.  But  yst  no  one  can  doubt  that  out  of  these 
country  towns  and  Christian  homes  have  come  the  men  and 
women  who  are  the  very  brain  and  brawn  of  our  land.  The 
contribution  from  the  rural  communities  to  the  life  of  the 
nation  is  a  large  contribution.  The  cities  owe  a  debt  to  the 
country  which  they  will  find  it  hard  to  meet.  Had  it  not  been 
for  these  Christian  homes,  and  "  the  sanctuary  in  the  midst 
thereof,"  we  should  not  have  had  the  nation  which  is  our  joy 
today.  This  marvelous  development,  and  this  rapid  growth, 
which  thus  far  have  been  able  to  endure  and  solve  the  increas- 
ing problems,  are  because  of  the  foundations  laid  in  the  past, 
and  because  the  sanctuary  has  been  ever  in  the  midst  of  the 
community  life.  There  is  not  a  community  in  the  state  without 
its  church ,  spire  pointing  toward  heaven.  Xo  society  was  al- 
lowed to  be  organized  until  it  had  proven  to  the  General  Court 
its  ability  and  its  willingness  to  build  a  meeting  house  and 
support  the  regular  ministrations  of  the  gospel.  Davenport, 
Hooker,  Beecher,  Bushnell,  Taylor.  Tyler,  and  a  thousand 
more  are  only  the  samples  of  honored  names  Connecticut  con- 
tributes to  the  continuation  of  the  nth  of  Hebrews.  We  may 
be  proud  of  our  Connecticut  ancestry. 

\\>  are  here  met  to  celebrate  the  centenary  of  the  incorpora- 
tion of  the  town,  but  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  the  community 
is  older  far. 


14  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

The  original  petition  to  the  Honorable  General  Assembly 
for  permission  to  hire  an  orthodox  minister  to  preach  the  word 
of  God  in  what  is  now  Marlborough  was  signed  by  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  towns  of  Colchester,  Hebron,  and  Glastonbury, 
whose  names  were  as  follows : 

Epaphrus  Lord,  Benjamin  Kneeland,  Jr., 

Ichabod  Lord,  Dorothy  Waters, 

Benjamin  Kneeland,  John  Kneeland, 

Samuel  Loveland,  Joseph  Kneeland, 

William  Buell,  John  Waddams, 

Joseph  Whight,  Abraham    Skinner, 

Ebenezer  JNIudge,  David   Dickinson. 

This  petition  was  dated  May  15,  1736,  and  addressed  to  the 
Honorable  General  Assembly,  then  sitting  at  Hartford,  and 
reads  in  substance  as  follows : 

We  would  humbly  show  to  your  honors  our  difficult  circumstances, 
that  some  live  seven,  some  eight  miles  distant  from  public  worship,  and 
several  of  us  have  weakly  wives  who  are  not  able  to  go  to  the  public 
worship  of  God,  and  would  humbly  show  to  your  Honors  that  there 
are  above  sixty  children  in  our  neighborhood  which  are  so  small  that 
they  are  not  able  to  go  to  any  place  of  public  worship ;  and  now  we 
would  humbly  show  to  your  Honors  that  we  have  the  liberty  of  those 
parishes  whereunto  we  belong  to  assemble  together,  and,  as  often  as  we 
can,  to  hire  an  orthodox  minister  to  preach  the  word  of  God  amongst 
us.  We,  your  humble  servants,  humbly  pray  your  Honors  would  please 
to  grant  the  liberty  hereof,  that  we  may  not  be  counted  transgressors 
of  the  laws,  and  as  we  would,  being  always  bound  in  duty,  humbly  pray. 

This  petition  was  granted  without  release  from  parish  taxes 
May,  1736.  April  30,  1737,  thirty-two  signers  inform  the 
Honorable  General  Assembl}-  that  they  have  hired  a  minister 
most  of  the  year,  and  pray  to  be  released  from  parish  taxes  ; 
this  was  negatived  May,  1737.  October  2,  1740,  eleven  per- 
sons in  Hebron,  three  in  Colchester,  seven  in  Westchester,  and 
nine  in  Eastbury  petition  again  ;  they  state  that  they  desire  their 
children  to  be  trained  in  the  fear  of  God  and  a  knowledge  of  the 
Gospel.  They  also  state  that  their  limits  einbrace  172  persons, 
and  their  list  £1,661.  As  they  are  not  at  present  able  to  bear 
parish  charges,  they  ask  liberty  to  hire  six  months  annually 
and  a  release  from  parish  taxes.  Notice  was  given  said  so- 
cieties to  appear,  and  the  petition  was  negatived  in  October, 


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OF  ECCLESIASTICAL  SOCIETY. 


HISTORICAL     SERMON.  I5 

1740.  Hebron  was  petitioned  by  eleven  taxpayers  to  be  re- 
leased from  parish  taxes  September  22,  1740;  the  town  voted 
to  release  them. 

September  24,  1745,  thirty-four  signers  live  six,  seven,  and 
ten  miles  distant  from  places  of  worship,  and  they  again  peti- 
tion their  desire  for  parish  privileges,  and  ask  that  a  committee 
be  appointed  to  view  and  report.  The  committee  reported  lines 
for  a  society.     Negatived  /\pril,  1746. 

The  list  of  the  petitioners  from  the  several  towns  was  as 
follows  : 

Hebron,       .  .  .  £997:18  11  petitioners. 

Colchester,  .  .  £481  :I3  9 

Westchester,  .  .  £383:18  5            " 

Eastbury,    .  .  .   .  £488:17  10            " 


£2,352  :  6  35   petitioners. 


In  this  same  month  of  April,  1746,  after  their  petition  was 
negatived  by  the  General  Assembly,  forty-three  petitioners  ap- 
point William  Btiell  their  agent  to  present  their  case  to  the 
next  session  of  the  General  Assembly.  They  represent  that  they 
have  had  winter  privileges  ten  years,  that  Hebron  and  Col- 
chester do  not  oppose,  Westchester  is  four  or  five  miles  distant 
and  a  river  intervenes,  the  meeting  hotise  in  Eastbury  six  and 
one-half  miles  distant  and  near  the  northwest  part  of  the 
society  —  mountains  and  rivers  indicate  a  separate  society. 
The  people  are  united.     Negatived  May  10,  1746. 

Eastbury 's  opposition  to  the  separation  seems  to  have  been 
that  it  would  greatly  reduce  and  enfeeble  their  society,  they 
having  been  subjected  to  great  expenses  by  the  death  and  settle- 
ment of  ministers.  Joseph  Pitkin,  the  committee  that  located 
Eastbury  meeting  house,  testifies  that  the  land  in  the  middle  of 
the  society  is  poor,  and  they  could  not  accommodate  the  south- 
east inhabitants  without  going  too  far  south  for  the  general 
good.  Westchester,  May  25,  1746,  through  its  committee, 
Wells  and  West,  who  located  Westchester  house  sixteen  years 
before,  testify  that  the  southernmost  of  the  three  places  was 
selected  as  most  of  the  people  lived  that  way.  and  they  sup- 
posed those  living  north  might  be  set  to  a  new  society. 


l6  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

The  following  reasons  for  a  remonstrance  to  be  presented 
to  the  General  Assembly  by  a  committee  from  the  Westchester 
church  may  be  of  interest : 

They,  the  Westchester  people,  are  liut  three  or  four  miles 
from  the  meeting  house  as  located  by  the  Assembly  committee. 

They  settled  two  ministers  in  sixteen  years. 

They  are  much  weakened  by  taking  ofif  the  south  part  of 
their  society  (Millington). 

Few  farms  are  unimproved. 

It  will  kill  two  societies  to  make  one ;  Eastbury  has  al- 
ready had  a  brief,  that  is  a  special  tax  for  the  support  of  the 
society. 

April  9,  1747,  fifty-three  signers  renew  their  petition  for  a 
society  in  accordance  with  a  committee's  report.  Eastbury  op- 
poses through  its  agent.  Hubbard,  and  in  other  ways,  but  not- 
withstanding all  opposition  the  society  was  incorporated  and 
named  Marlborough,  May  11,  1747,  but  those  taken  from 
Eastbury  shall  pay  rates  to  that  society  for  four  years  ;  this 
is  eleven  years  after  the  first  petition  to  the  General  Assembly 
for  permission  to  hire  a  minister  six  months.  The  location  of 
the  meeting  house  was  established  May  8,  1748. 

October  4,  1748,  at  a  meeting  legally  warned,  it  w^as  voted 
to  apply  to  "  your  Honors  for  a  tax  of  one  shilling  on  the  acre 
for  the  term  of  four  years  on  all  land  that  is  not  salable  by 
law  that  is  in  the  society  of  Marlborough  aforesaid,  of  which 
land  there  is  a  considerable  tract  in  said  society  owned  and 
held  by  nonresident  proprietors  living  in  the  province  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bay,  the  value  of  which  land,  notwithstanding 
the  great  burden  which  we  have  aforesaid,  increased  since  we 
were  made  a  society  to  double  the  value." 

In  May,  1749,  six  persons  taken  from  Eastbury  can  no 
longer  bear  the  burden  of  paying  taxes  in  both  places,  which 
last  year  were  7s.  6d.  on  the  £,  beside  the  settlement  of  their 
minister.  They  ask  release  from  the  General  Assembly,  but 
the  Assembly  negatived  the  petition.  In  May,  1750,  eight 
signers  renew  the  petition,  which  was  negatived.  But  the  pe- 
titioners did  not  lose  courage.  The  society  voted  unanimously 
to  set  a  meeting  house  on  the  top  of  the  hill  on  the  east  side  of 
the  highway,  twenty-eight  rods  north  of  Ezra  Strong's,  and  to 


HISTORICAL     SERMON.  1/ 

appoint  a  committee.  A  petition  was  also  made  to  the  General 
Court  for  a  confirmation  of  this  vote  for  location.  The  clerk 
of  the  committee  informed  the  General  Court  that  they  have 
laid  two  rates  of  4s.  and  2s.,  appointed  a  building  committee, 
set  up  a  frame,  48  x  36  ft.,  and  covered  it,  jNIay  14,  1750. 

These  committees  seemed  to  have  worked  faithfully  and 
harmoniously,  hiring  preachers  for  six  months  and  gaining 
independence  from  the  various  societies  that  they  had  hereto- 
fore belonged  to,  but  they  did  not  complete  a  church  organiza- 
tion until  the  council  met  to  ordain  Mr.  Mason  in  May,  1749. 
A  church  was  then  gathered,  composed  of  such  members  as 
were  in  good  and  regular  standing  in  those  societies  to  which 
they  belonged  previous  to  the  organization  of  this  church ; 
they  drew  up  a  confession  of  faith  and  a  covenant,  which  were 
adopted  by  the  church,  and  after  such  organization  they  for- 
mally voted  to  request  Mr.  Mason  to  take  the  pastoral  charge 
of  them,  which  he  accepted.  Tradition  says  that  Mr.  Mason 
was  ordained  on  the  timbers  drawn  to  erect  the  meeting  house 
by  the  committee  appointed  in  May,  1749.  The  committee  ap- 
pointed to  secure  timbers  having  done  its  duty,  another  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  employ  workmen  to  raise  and  cover 
the  meeting  house  in  1749,  the  expense  of  doing  this  work 
being  covered  by  a  tax  of  four  shillings  on  the  pound.  This 
committee  having  done  its  work,  the  church  was  glazed,  which 
seems  to  have  reduced  their  resources  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
compel  them  to  call  a  halt  in  the  expenditure  of  money  for  the 
-church  until  April.  1754,  wdien  it  was  voted  to  make  a  pulpit 
"  in  our  meeting  house,"  and  to  make  seats  and  pews,  and  to 
"  seal  "  said  house  up  to  the  windows,  and  also  to  make  two 
pairs  of  stairs.  It  was  also  voted  during  the  same  year  to 
make  one  tier  of  pews  on  the  back  side  and  on  both  ends  of  our 
meeting  house,  and  two  tiers  of  pews  on  the  fore  side  of  said 
house,  and  the  remainder  of  the  lower  side  of  said  house  to  be 
filled  with  seats. 

In  1755  it  was  voted  that  the  committee  provide  joice  and 
boards  at  the  society's  cost  for  the  gallery  floor.  December  10, 
1756.  voted  that  Sergeant  Asa  Foote  procure  lock  and  suitable 
fastenings  for  the  meeting  house  at  the  society's  cost.  Tn 
1 761  certain  charges  were  brought  against  Rev.  Mason,  which 
2 


l8  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

were  supposed  to  have  been  proved,  and  he  was  dismissed  after 
a  pastorate  of  twelve  years  ;  but  by  a  subsequent  council  he  was 
restored  to  the  ministry,  and  settled  at  Chester,  Conn.,  where 
he  died. 

After  being  supplied  for  a  time  by  pastors  from  neighboring 
churches  Rev.  Benjamin  Dunning  was  settled,  his  ordination 
taking  place  in  May,  1762.  During  this  year  more  w'ork  was 
done  on  the  galleries,  and  they  were  finished  in  1770.  In  May, 
1773,  Mr.  Dunning  was  dismissed,  having  served  the  church 
eleven  years.  Mr.  Dunning  later  settled  in  Saybrook,  and  died 
there.  In  October,  1773,  Rev.  Huntington  preached  as  a  can- 
didate, and  accepted  a  call  extended  to  him,  but  later  declined. 
The  society  renew'ed  their  call  in  1776,  and  he  was  ordained  the 
following  May.  Mr.  Huntington  having  been  ordained,  the 
people  continued  their  efiforts  to  improve  the  meeting  house. 

They  vote  in  1777  to  erect  pews  in  the  body  part  of  the 
meeting  house,  and  in  1782  they  vote  to  shingle  the  front  side 
of  the  roof.  In  1787  they  vote  to  procure  pine  clapboards  to 
cover  the  front  and  two  ends  of  the  meeting  house,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  the  north  side  was  covered  with  pine.  In  1789  the 
inside  of  the  house  and  the  outside  doors  were  painted.  In 
1792  they  vote  to  plaster  the  church  if  it  could  be  done  for 
£30,  and  two  }cars  later  they  shingle  the  north  side  of  the  meet- 
ing house.  Mr.  Huntington  was  dismissed  from  the  pastorate 
after  twenty-one  years  of  service :  he  w^as  afterward  a  minister 
in  Middletown  and  North  Lyme,  dying  in  the  latter  place.  The 
next  step  in  the  completion  of  the  meeting  house  was  painting 
it  on  the  outside,  and  at  the  same  time  replacing  the  chestnut 
shingles  with  pine  shingles  and  painting  the  roof. 

The  finishing  of  the  meeting  house  took  place  in  1803, 
W'hen  it  was  voted  to  pay  Eleazer  Strong  $30  to  underpin  and 
lay  the  steps ;  thus  the  house  begun  in  1749  was  not  completed 
until  1803,  being  fifty-four  years  in  building,  and  finished  by 
laying  its  foundation  stones  last.  The  town  was  incorporated 
1803,  and  we  are  therefore  celebrating  the  century  of  the  com- 
pletion of  the  meeting  house,  and  the  incoqioration  of  the 
town. 

After  the  dismissal  of  Mr.  Huntington  the  church  was 
Without  a  pastor  for  several  years.     Calls  were  given  to  Rev. 


HISTORICAL'   SERMON.  I9 

Sylvesta  Dana  in  1798.  Rev.  Mncent  Gould  in  1799,  Rev. 
Ephraim  Woodruff  and  Rev.  Thomas  Lewis  in  1801.  Some 
twenty  different  names  are  recorded  as  preachers  in  the  seven 
years  that  followed  Air.  Huntington's  dismissal.  The  settle- 
ment of  David  B.  Ripley  in  1804  followed  closely  the  comple- 
tion of  the  meeting  house  and  the  incorporation  of  the  town. 
Mr.  Ripley  was  ordained  September  19,  1804,  and  continued 
pastor  of  the  church  until  ]\Iarch,  1827.  During  the  last  two 
years  of  ^Iv.  Ripley's  pastorate  a  fund  oi  $3,000  was  raised  by 
voluntary  contributions,  which  was  increased  by  a  legacy  of 
$1,000  from  Mrs.  Patience  Lord  Hosmer,  and  other  smaller 
legacies,  to  upward  of  $4,000. 

After  the  dismission  of  Mr.  Ripley,  the  pulpit  was  supplied 
by  John  Hempstead,  James  Noyes,  and  Joseph  P.  Tyler,  till 
September  29,  1828,  when  Dr.  Chauncey  Lee  was  called  from 
Colebrook,  Conn.,  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  ;  he  accepted 
the  call  and  was  installed  November  18,  1828.  The  member- 
ship at  this  time  was  seventy-six :  twenty-one  males  and  fifty- 
five  females.  Forty-six  were  added  to  the  church  in  1829- 
1830.  Dr.  Lee  remained  pastor  for  nine  years.  After  the 
dismission  of  Dr.  Lee  the  pulpit  was  supplied  by  Rev.  William 
F.  Vail,  Rev.  Benjamin  Ela,  Rev.  William  Case,  Rev.  John  F. 
Xorton,  and  Rev.  Robert  D.  Gardner.  Rev.  Hiram  Bell  was 
ordained  February  29,  1840,  and  remained  its  pastor  until  1850. 
During  the  pastorate  of  Mr.  Bell  this  present  house  was  built. 
I  quote  from  his  own  story  of  the  building  of  the  new  church  : 

The  old  house  having  become  cold,  uncomfortable,  and  unpleasant 
as  a  place  of  worship,  there  was  an  increasing  desire  for  several  years 
in  the  minds  of  a  great  part  of  the  society  to  erect  a  new  house.  But 
no  sufficient  action  was  made  with  reference  to  it  until  January,  1841, 
when  Captain  ]\Ioseley  Talcott  drew  up  a  subscription  paper,  and  by 
great  and  praiseworthy  perseverance,  assisted  by  some  others,  amid 
many  discouragements,  succeeded  in  obtaining  subscriptions  sufficient  to 
warrant  the  undertaking. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  society,  JNIarch  11,  1841,  Moseley  Talcott, 
Augustus  Blish,  George  Lord,  Edward  B.  Watkinson,  Horatio  Bolles, 
and  William  Finley  were  appointed  a  committee  to  receive  proposals  for 
building  a  meeting  house,  to  view  meeting  houses  recently  built,  and 
obtain  plans  and  cost  of  the  same,  all  to  be  submitted  to  the  society  at 
a  subsequent  meeting.  At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  society,  ]\Iarch 
24,  1841,  it  was  voted  to  accept  the  subscription  in  favor  of  building  a 


20  maklborouCh  centennial. 

new  meeting  house,  and  Moseley  Talcott,  Horatio  Bolles.  Alvan 
Northam,  Edward  B.  Watkinson,  William  Finley,  William  Phelps,  and 
Augustus  Blish  were  appointed  the  building  committee.  At  an  ad- 
journed meeting  April  7th,  the  building  committee  were  authorized  to 
dispose  of  the  old  house  and  contract  for  the  building  of  the  new  one. 
At  a  meeting  May  31st  the  building  committee  were  directed  to  build 
a  basement  room  under  the  new  house. 

According  to  the  above  authority  and  directions  the  committee 
contracted  with  Messrs.  A.  &  S.  Brainard  to  build  the  walls  of  the  base- 
ment room  of  stone,  and  with  Augustus  Truesdale  to  erect  and  finish 
a  house  upon  it  for  $2,600.  The  stones  were  drawn  from  the  north 
part  of  the  town  near  Seth  Dickinson's  by  individuals  without  any  ex- 
pense to  the  society.  The  basement  room,  about  thirty-five  feet  square, 
was  commenced  about  the  ist  of  August  and  completed  so  that  the 
house  was  raised  the  7th  of  September,  being  thirty-eight  feet  by  fifty- 
six  feet  and  twenty-foot  posts.  Mr.  Truesdale  finished  his  contract  in 
January,  1842,  just  about  one  year  from  the  time  the  subscription  paper 
was  first  started. 

June  13th,  the  last  sermon  was  preached  in  the  old  house.  The  pews 
had  been  taken  out  of  the  lower  part  of  the  house  on  the  Friday  pre- 
vious, and  the  audience  for  the  most  part  sat  in  the  gallery.  On  the 
next  day  the  house  was  razed  to  its  foundations  and  the  ground  cleared 
away  for  its  successor,  which  stands  about  the  length  of  it  farther  back 
than  the  old  one.  The  text  of  the  last  sermon  was  from  i  Cor.,  7:31: 
"  The  fashion  of  this  world  passeth  away." 

Public  worship  was  held  in  the  schoolhouse  during  the  summer,  but 
in  the  fall  the  committee  fitted  up  the  basement  room  so  that  the  con- 
gregation convened  there  from  the  first  Sabbath  in  December  till  the 
house  was  dedicated.  The  house  was  carpeted  and  the  pulpit  cushioned 
and  the  communion  table,  sofa,  chairs,  and  lamps  procured  by  the 
Ladies'  Sewing  Society  at  an  expense  of  $120.  When  the  house  was 
nearly  completed  there  was  a  general  wish  expressed  by  the  members  of 
the  society  to  procure  a  bell.  With  this  end  in  view.  General  Enos  H. 
Buell  volunteered  his  services,  drew  up  a  paper,  and,  after  commendable 
and  indefatigable  exertion,  he  obtained  subscriptions  sufficient  to  enable 
the  society  to  make  arrangements  for  procuring  one.  The  house  was 
dedicated  March  16,  1842.  The  sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Tyler  of  East  Windsor  Institute.  ^lusic  was  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  Madison  Woodward  of  Columbia.  The  day  was  pleasant  and  a 
large  number  of  people  were  present. 

Mr.  Bell  adds  that  there  were  two  instances  worthy  of 
notice  in  the  audience  that  day  —  Captain  Theodore  Lord  and 
Colonel  Elisha  Btiell  were  present  with  their  descendants  to 
the  fourth  generation. 

The  earlier  deacons  were  William   Buell,  Joseph  Kellogg, 


HISTORICAL     SERMON.  21 

Joel  Owen,  David  Skinner.  Thomas  Loveland,  Cornelius 
Shepard,  David  Skinner.  Jr..  Thomas  Carrier,  Jonathan 
Northam.  Eben  Strong. 

Rev.  Warren  Fiske  was  installed  December  17,  1850;  dis- 
missed Jantiary  12,  1859.  Rev.  Alpheus  J.  Pike  was  installed 
^larch  8,  1859;  dismissed  February  2~,  1867. 

After  the  dismissal  of  Mr.  Pike,  Rev.  S.  W.  G.  Rankin  sup- 
plied the  pulpit  most  of  the  time  for  four  years,  when  Rev. 
Oscar  Bissell  was  installed,  March  29,  1871.  Air.  Bissell  re- 
mained five  years,  being  dismissed  October  10,  1876.  He  is 
now  living  in  Alassachusetts,  and  a  son  is  following  in  his 
father's  footsteps.  Rev.  Charles  ^^^  Hanna  supplied  for  a 
year,  and  was  installed  August  2,  1877.  He  was  dismissed 
May  7,  1879,  ^"<i  after  pastorates  at  South  Canaan  and  Falls 
Village  is  now  pastor  at  East  Canaan.  Rev.  Jasper  P.  Har- 
vey supplied  for  one  year,  and  was  installed  the  following 
year,  Alay  19,  1880,  being  the  last  pastor  installed.  He  was 
dismissed  July  25,  1882.  and  is  now  pastor  at  Columbia.  Since 
the  dismissal  of  Mr.  Harvey  the  church  was  supplied  by  stu- 
dents from  the  Hartford  Theological  Seminary,  and  by  the  fol- 
lowing: Rev.  Henry  Holmes,  Rev.  James  Bell,  Rev.  Charles 
D.  Ross,  Rev.  H.  W.  \'ail,  and  Rev.  Eben  H.  Jenkyns.  Mr. 
Jenkyns  is  now  settled  in  Sebago,  Ale.  Rev.  George  P.  Fuller, 
the  present  pastor,  began  his  pastoral  duties  Alay  i,  1902. 

We  have  seen  the  value  of  these  Christian  institutions,  these 
Christian  foundations  in  the  history  of  these  towns  of  this 
honored  commonwealth.  And  that  which  should  rest  upon  our 
hearts  is  the  fact  that  what  was  so  valued  in  the  past  is  of  no 
less  value  today,  and  is  our  hope  for  the  time  to  come.  If  any 
danger  more  than  any  other  faces  us  it  is  that  we  will  trust  in 
our  wealth,  our  numbers,  our  extent  of  territory,  our  prowess 
as  a  world  power,  and  forget  that  the  thing  which  gives  the 
promise  of  perpetuity  for  the  commonwealth  is  that  integrity 
of  character  and  that  allegiance  to  Christian  truth  which  has 
been  proclaimed  from  generation  to  generation  in  those  old 
towns.  And  therefore,  as  we  are  here  gathered,  the  represen- 
tatives of  this  neighborhood  of  churches,  we  are  to  remember, 
v.e  are  to  tell  it  to  ourselves  again  and  again,  we  are  to  im- 
press it  upon  our  children,  that  there  is  no  service  too  great 


22  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

and  no  sacrifice  too  costly  for  us  to  make  in  order  that  the 
sanctuary  may  be  maintained  in  the  midst  of  our  communities. 
We  have  celebrated  today  the  patience  and  persistence  of  these 
people  of  Marlborough,  the  sacrifices  they  endured  which 
makes  it  possible  that  we  may  gather  in  this  sanctuary  today, 
and  let  me  impress  it  upon  your  thought,  let  me  make  it  as 
emphatic  as  possible,  that  here  is  a  sacred  heritage  —  that  you 
of  today  hold  these  things  in  trust  and  that  as  stewards  you 
must  render  an  account.  And  let  me  repeat,  and  again  repeat, 
that  there  is  no  service  too  great  and  no  sacrifice  too  costly  that 
this  church  may  be  maintained,  and  that  religious  institutions 
may  ever  exert  their  ennobling  influence  in  this  community. 

We  will  do  well  to  remember  those  who  have  gone  out  from 
this  community  into  the  life  and  work  of  the  world.  You  may 
find  your  representatives  in  every  state  in  the  Union,  and  in 
every  enterprise  of  the  world's  achievements.  The  appeal 
rests  upon  every  well-wisher  of  Marlborough  that  everything 
that  can  be  done  should  be  done  to  maintain  the  prosperity  of 
this  institution.  So  that,  as  the  people  of  the  past  have  gone 
up  into  the  mountain  to  gather  wood  for  this  building  and 
stones  for  its  foundations,  Jehovah  may  take  pleasure  in  it,  and 
be  glorified  in  all  the  succeeding  years. 

Permit  me  to  call  the  attention  of  all  well-wishers  of  this 
good  old  town,  not  forgetting  those  who  have  gone  out  beyond 
its  borders,  that  if  they  would  serve  their  generation  and  do 
honor  to  the  noble  ancestors  of  the  past,  they  can  find  no  better 
way  to  accomplish  this  than  in  seeing  to  it  that  on  their  part 
they  contribute  of  their  service  and  love  and  money  to  the  up- 
building of  this  church  of  Jesus  Christ.  May  each  one  see  to 
it  that  he  pays  this  debt  as  God  shall  bid  him. 

In  closing  let  me  emphasize  one  thought  that  ought  to  ring 
around  the  world,  in  the  face  of  all  the  scoffing  of  all  these 
days  of  worldliness  and  indifference  and  achievement  of  our 
time,  that  God  has  placed  His  church  in  the  world  to  redeem 
it,  that  God  is  pleased  to  save  the  world  through  the  church, 
that  there  is  no  factor  in  all  the  world's  inventions  and  accom- 
plishments of  greater  import  for  the  world's  good  than  the 
Christian  church.  And  God.  who  has  given  His  own  dear  Son 
in  order  that  through  the  cross  of  Calvary  there  may  be  an 


HISTORICAL     SERMON.  23 

abundant  redemption,  while  carrying  forward  His  plans  with 
infinite  patience,  will  complete  them  to  their  final  consumma- 
tion. As  God  in  olden  time  selected  Abraham  and  his  seed  to 
save  the  world,  so  today  and  through  the  days  to  come,  God 
has  put  His  church  in  the  world  to  save  the  world.  The  fiat 
has  gone  forth  and  none  can  stay  it.  It  is  not  because  of  our 
wealth,  nor  of  our  achievements,  nor  of  our  possessions  stretch- 
ing around  the  globe,  nor  of  our  manufactures  and  inventions, 
but  it  is  because  of  the  humble,  faithful,  consistent  followers 
of  the  meek  and  lowly  Jesus,  who  day  by  day^  fulfill  their 
tasks  and  wait  in  humble  faith,  that  the  army  of  the  Lord's 
hosts  shall  march  under  the  banner  of  the  blood-red  cross  to 
completest  victory.     And  to  His  Name  be  all  praise.     Amen. 


MARLBOROUGH  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION, 

TUESDAY,   AUGUST  2STH,  AT  THE 

CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH. 


The  centennial  of  the  incorporation  of  the  town  was  a  suc- 
cess, notwithstanding  the  heavy  rain  of  the  night  preceding 
the  day  and  of.  the  day  itself. 

Reporters  of  the  Hartford  Courant  and  Times  were  on  hand 
and  helped  us  celebrate,  as  the  following  extracts  show : 

The  Hartford  Times: 

Marlborough,  August  25th. 

In  the  days  of  classic  antiquity  certain  places  had  their  presiding 
divinities,  or  spirits.  jNIarlborough's  presiding  spirit  has  sounded  the 
bugle  note  of  the  hundred-j'ear  cycle,  and  it  is  now  echoing  from  the 
hilltops  all  about  here.  This  slumbrous  old  town  has  shaken  itself  and 
it  is  now  wide  awake,  and  has  blossomed  out  in  patriotic  colors.  Flags 
are  flying  to  the  breeze,  and  there  is  a  general  air  of  i^ejuvenescence. 
Miss  Hall's  big  and  hospitable  mansion  is  thrown  open  to  as  many 
guests  as  it  will  hold,  and  it  will  hold  a  goodly  sized  number,  as  it  did 
150  years  ago.  And  this  centennial  has  brought  it  back  to  the  hotel 
mark  again. 

While  attending  yesterday  the  opening  services  in  the  old  church 
(now  beautifully  decorated  by  some  of  the  Cheneys  of  South  Man- 
chester) the  shades  of  a  vanished  past  seemed  to  troop  by.  It  is  an 
ever  moving  throng  —  now  coming  on  to  the  stage  of  action,  now  van- 
ishing into  the  past,  or  into  the  unknown  future.  The  future  merges 
into  the  present,  the  present  becomes  the  past,  and  past  and  future  are 
the  two  great  seas  of  eternity,  between  which  we  play  our  little  parts. 
The  Pilgrims  builded  better  than  they  knew.  The  poor  old  Mayflower 
and  its  precious  freight  were  saved  for  a  wise  purpose.  These  little 
New  England  towns  laid  the  foundations  of  a  republic  that  is  to  take 
a  hand  —  the  leading  hand  —  in  the  history  of  the  world's  great  future. 

The  Hartford  Courant,  August  26,  1903,  said: 

Residents  of  the  town  of  jMarlborough  and  those  from  otlier  places 
associated  with  them,  did  themselves  proud  and  reflected  much  credit 
on  the  old  town  in  the  e.xercises  commemorating  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  incorporation  of  the  town,  yesterday,  which  were 
held  in  the  Congregational  Church.  The  weather  was  very  unfavorable, 
for   it    rained   steadily   all    the   morning   until    nearly   the   hour   for   the 


DISPLAY     OF     ANTIQUES.  25 

services,  eleven  o'clock,  and  about  a  half  hour  before  they  ended,  a 
smart  thunder  shower  blew  in.  It  was  beautiful  weather  during  the 
exercises  in  the  church. 

The  procession,  which  was  to  have  been  formed  at  the  Methodist 
Church  at  10.30  o'clock,  headed  by  the  Good  Will  Club's  fife  and  drum 
band,  had  to  be  omitted  owing  to  the  heavy  rain,  but  the  East  Hamp- 
ton Fife  and  Drum  Corps,  in  their  brilliant  green  uniforms,  marched 
up  the  town  and  met  the  Good  Will  Club  and  the  East  Glastonbury 
Brass  Bands  as  they  came  down  the  road,  and  during  the  speaking  the 
Good  Will  boys  played  outside  the  church,  while  the  East  Glastonbury 
band  played  inside.  The  church  was  crowded  and  many  of  the  people 
who  could  not  get  in  held  a  love  feast  in  the  vestibule,  judging  by  the 
noise  during  the  afternoon  proceedings. 

Marlborough  Center  presented  somewhat  the  appearance  of  a  fair 
daj-  yesterday.  There  were  several  refreshment  tents  erected  by  huck- 
sters, and  the  fences  for  some  distance  north  of  the  church  were  lined 
with  teams  hitched  there  while  their  owners  were  listening  to  the  liter- 
ar}^  exercises.  The  celebration  was  a  great  success,  and  much  credit 
is  due  the  several  committees,  which  worked  hard  to  make  the  occasion 
a  success. 

DISPLAY  OF  ANTIQUES. 

An  interesting  display  of  antiqites  was  shown  at  the 
Sophia  Bnell  house,  next  north  of  the  church,  in  charge  of 
Clayton  S.  Bolles  and  Mrs.  Bolles,  members  of  the  committee 
on  antiquities.  There  was  the  old  Bible  first  used  in  the  origi- 
nal Congregational  Church,  a  toddy  stick  made  by  a  former 
minister,  spinning  wheels,  a  quilt  made  in  1817,  old  powder 
horns  and  Revolutionary  muskets,  old  clocks  and  documents, 
and  a  large  number  of  articles  formerly  the  property  of  Cap- 
tain Aloseley  Talcott,  the  father  of  Hart  Talcott  of  Hartford, 
shown  by  the  latter. 

Several  ladies  of  the  town,  members  of  the  committee, 
dressed  in  the  dresses  worn  by  their  grandmothers  a  century 
■or  so  ago,  arranged  their  hair  in  the  style  of  the  early  part  of 
the  last  century.  They  looked  very  quaint  and  interesting, 
particularly  when  imitating  the  simpering  ways  of  the  misses 
of  the  period  they  represented.  They  also  imitated  the  grace- 
ful courtesy  and  manners  and  the  courtly  bow  of  the  former 
generations. 

Exercises  began  at  the  church  at  11  o'clock,  Hon.  John 
Bigelow  of  New  York  presiding,  prayer  being  offered  by  Rev, 
Samuel  Hart,  D.D. 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

By  Miss  Mary  Hall. 


Mr.  President,  Neighbors,  and  Friends:  —  I  have  found  a 
reference  in  two  old  manuscripts  to  a  petition  from  the  Eccle- 
siastical Society  of  Marlborough  for  incorporation  as  a  town 
as  early  as  1783,  but  I  have  been  unable  to  find  the  petition  on 
file  at  the  state  library  at  Hartford. 

The  records  of  the  town  give  a  complete  sketch  of  proceed- 
ings at  the  time  of  incorporation,  and  at  the  risk  of  being 
tedious  I  shall  quote  in  full  from  the  petition  and  resolution : 

At  a  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Connecticut,  holden  at  New 
Haven  on  the  second  Thursday  of  October,  1803.  Upon  the  petition  of 
Joel  Foote,  agent  of  the  First  Ecclesiastical  Society  in  Marlborough,, 
and  the  rest  of  the  inhabitants  of  said  society,  showing  to  this  assembly 
that  they  are  in  three  towns  and  three  counties,  and  at  a  very  great 
distance  from  the  centers  of  those  towns  and  counties  to  which  they  re- 
spectively belong  and  where  public  business  is  done  in  said  towns  and 
counties,  and  that  many  and  great  inconveniences  arise  to  them  from 
their  present  local  situation,  and  that  it  would  be  greatly  beneficial  to 
them  in  a  variety  of  respects  to  be  incorporated  into  a  town,  with  all 
the  rights  of  such  corporation  in  this  state  and  with  liberty  of  one 
representative  to  the  General  Assembly,  as  per  petition  on  file  dated 
the  27th  day  of  April,  1803. 

The  following  is  the  resolution  of  the  General  Assembly 
incorporating  the  town : 

Resolved  by  tliis  assembly,  That  said  society  and  all  the  inhabitants 
living  within  the  present  limits  of  said  society  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereby,  incorporated  into  a  distinct  town,  and  shall  be  called  and  known 
by  the  name  of  Marlborough,  and  the  inhabitants  thereof  shall  enjoy 
all  the  powers,  privileges,  immunities,  and  franchises  which  the  in- 
habitants of  other  towns  in  this  state  enjoy,  with  the  right  of  sending 
one  representative  to  the  General  Assembly  in  this  state ;  and  said  town 
of  Marlborough  shall  pay  its  proportion  of  all  charges,  expenses,  and 
debts  already  accrued  by  and  now  due  from  said  towns  of  Glastonbury, 
Hebron,  and  Colchester,  and  take  all  its  proportion  of  the  present  poor 


HISTORICAL     ADDRESS.  2/ 

of  said  towns,  and  shall  receive  its  proportion  of  all  the  property  and 
stock  of  said  towns,  the  proportion  in  all  of  the  cases  aforesaid  to  be 
determined  according  to  the  list  of  the  said  towns  of  Glastonbury, 
Hebron,  Colchester,  and  ^Marlborough  for  the  year  1802,  and  Messrs. 
Isaac  Spencer,  2d,  Jonathan  O.  i\foseley,  and  Epaphroditus  Champion, 
all  of  East  Haddam,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  esquires,  be,  and  they 
are  hereby,  appointed  a  committee  to  ascertain  the  proportion  in  all  the 
cases  aforesaid;  and  in  case  of  disagreement  between  the  selectmen  of 
the  several  towns  aforesaid  and  said  towni  of  ^Marlborough,  in  any  of 
the  particular^  aforesaid,  then,  and  in  such  case,  the  selectmen  of  either 
town  aforesaid  may  after  the  20th  day  of  ^Nlarch  next  call  out  said  com- 
mittee to  meet  at  the  house  of  Elisha  Buel  in  said  Marlborough  for  the 
purpose  of  ascertaining  in  manner  as  aforesaid  such  proportion  —  such 
selectmen  giving  at  least  four  days'  notice  in  writing  under  their  hands 
to  one  of  the  selectmen  of  each  of  the  other  towns  of  the  time  and 
place  of  the  meeting  of  said  committee;  and  the  selectmen  of  said  Col- 
chester, Hebron,  Glastonbury,  and  Marlborough  shall  meet  on  or  be- 
fore the  said  20th  day  of  March  at  the  dwelling  house  of  said  Buel  in 
said  Alarlborough,  and  separate  the  lists  properly  belonging  to  said 
towns  respectively  for  the  j-ear  1803,  and  certify  in  writing  under  their 
hands  to  the  treasurer  of  this  state  the  amount  of  the  lists  of  each  of 
said  towns,  and  shall  also  make  out  and  certify  under  their  hands  to  the 
respective  town  clerks  of  said  towns  the  list  of  each  person,  with  his 
name  annexed  thereto,  whose  list  would  have  belonged  to  said  towns 
respectively  had  said  Marlborough  been  a  distinct  town  on  the  20th 
day  of  August,  1803.  And  the  treasurer  of  this  state,  on  receiving  the 
certificate  by  them  to  be  transmitted  to  him,  shall  issue  his  warrant  for 
rates  on  the  list  of  1803  to  said  towns  accordingly ;  and  the  town  and 
freeman's  meeting  shall  be  holden  at  such  place  in  said  town  of  Marl- 
borough as  the  inhabitants  thereof  shall  direct,  and  the  first  town  meet- 
ing in  said  town  of  ^larlborough  shall  be  holden  on  the  second  Monday 
of  December  next  at  the  meeting  house  in  said  ^larlborough,  and  Elijah 
Kellogg,  esq.,  of  said  town  of  ]\Iarlborough,  shall  be  the  moderator  of 
said  first  town  meeting;  and  said  town  shall  have  and  enjoy  at  said  first 
meeting  and  at  all  other  meetings  the  same  powers  and  authority  and 
proceed  in  the  same  manner  in  transacting  business  as  other  towns  in 
the  state  have  and  enjoy  and  proceed  at  their  annual  meetings  in  the 
months  of  November  and  December,  and  the  officers  chosen  at  said  first 
meeting  shall  hold  their  respective  offices  until  the  next  annual  meeting; 
and  said  Elijah  Kellogg  shall  warn  said  first  meeting  by  setting  up  a 
notification  thereof  on  the  public  sign  post  in  said  Marlborough  at  least 
eight  days  before  the  day  of  meeting;  and  be  it  further  resolved,  that 
the  said  town  of  Marlborough  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  annexed  to 
the  county  of  Hartford  and  to  the  probate  district  of  East  Haddam, 
and  are  authorized  to  chuse  four  jurymen. 

A  true  copy  of  record.    Examined  by  Samuel  Wvllvs,  Secretary. 

Recorded  bv  David  Kilborn,  Register. 


28  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

"  At  a  Town  Meeting  legally  Warned  &  Holden  in  Marl- 
borough December  12th,  1803,  as  per  Resolution  of  General 
Assembly,"  considerable  business  was  transacted  beside  the 
election  of  officers.     Among  the  votes  were  the  following : 

Voted,  That  David  Kilborn's  barn  and  yard  be  a  Pound  for 
the  ensuing  year  and  that  David  Kilborn  be  Kee  Ceeper. 

Voted,  That  the  Select  Men  District  the  Town  for  Mending 
Highways  and  report  at  the  next  Annual  Meeting. 

Voted  to  raise  one  cent  on  a  dollar  on  list  of  1803  to  Defray 
the  town  expenses,  also  one  cent  and  five  mills  on  a  dollar  on 
same  list  to  mend  Highways. 

Voted  to  allow  one  dollar  for  a  man  per  day  in  May  and 
June  and  fifty  cents  in  the  fall,  and  that  two  good  yoke  of  oxen, 
cart  or  plow,  be  the  same  as  a  man. 

Voted,  That  it  shall  be  legal  warning  of  Town  Meeting  to 
set  up  Notification  thereof  on  the  Sign  Post  by  the  Meeting 
House  and  near  Epaphras  Lord's  House,  and  at  the  corner  of 
the  Road  near  David  Finley's  House. 

A  perusal  of  the  records  of  the  town  for  fifty  years  follow- 
ing its  incorporation  shows  that  great  caution  and  economy  con- 
trolled the  town's  management  of  affairs. 

At  the  first  town  meeting  it  was  voted  that  the  Head  Con- 
stable procure  good  and  sufficient  Bonds  for  the  collection  of 
the  State  Tax,  and  that  the  Constable  collect  the  Town  Tax  free 
from  expense  to  said  Town. 

Large  liberties  were  voted  Select  Men  in  mending  high- 
ways, and  in  changing  the  same  for  the  convenience  of  those 
living  in  different  sections  of  the  town. 

The  town  Pound  was  a  movable  institution,  its  location  be- 
ing voted  on  from  year  to  year. 

The  price  of  labor  varied  but  little  for  some  years,  but  was 
regularly  voted  on  at  Town  Meetings  —  there  seemed  to  be  a 
close  connection  between  this  price  of  labor  and  the  mending 
of  the  highways,  the  amount  to  be  charged  per  day  or  per 
hour  for  that  purpose,  being  fixed  beyond  question. 

One  vote  of  the  town  fixed  "  the  highway  rate  bills  for  labor 
the  ensuing  year  per  day  of  ten  hours  in  the  spring  and  summer 
for  each  man,  sixty-six  cents  ;  for  each  team  equal  to  two  yoke 


HISTORICAL     ADDRESS.  29 

of  middling  oxen  with  a  cart  or  plow,  sixty-six  cents  ;  at  afl 
other  seasons  of  the  year  (34)  Thirty-four  cents." 

Later  the  town  was  redistricted,  and  at  times  as  many  as 
fourteen  districts  were  made  of  its  highways  ;  these  districts 
were  let  to  individuals,  the  bounds  of  which  were  carefully 
fixed  by  a  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose  —  this  was  in 
1824  —  and  from  this  date  onward  great  changes  were  made 
in  the  highways  ;  many  of  those  discontinued  would  make  a 
most  interesting  chapter  in  the  town's  history. 

^vlarlborough  was  lifted  from  its  isolated  condition  by  the 
building  of  the  Hartford  and  New  London  turnpike  in  1800,. 
the  incorporation  of  the  Hebron  and  ^Middle  Haddam  turnpike 
company  in  1802,  and  of  the  Chatham  and  Marlborough  com- 
pany in  1809.  The  completion  of  these  roads  was  of  great 
advantage  to  the  town.  The  barns  of  the  Marlborough  inn  or 
tavern,  then  kept  by  Elisha  Buell,  furnished  a  place  for  change 
of  horses  and  refreshment  for  travelers.  Guests  of  national 
reputation  were  frequently  entertained  here.  Among  those 
known  to  have  been  entertained  were  Presidents  James  Monroe 
and  Andrew  Jackson.  It  is  said  that  Washington  passed 
through  the  town  once,  and  was  entertained  at  the  Hebron  inn, 
on  his  way  to  Lebanon.  Turnpike  gates  were  then  established, 
where  tolls  were  collected  to  keep  the  turnpike  roads  in  repair. 

The  vear  1803  and  the  years  following  were  eventful  years 
—  the  completion  of  the  church,  which  w^as  fifty-four  years  in 
process  of  erection,  was  accomplished  that  year.     The  turn-  I 
pikes  opened  up  travel  through  the  town,  and  the  incorporation  | 
of  the  town,  after  twenty  years  of  struggle  with  the  General    J 
Assemblv,    were   the    rewards    which    came   to   our    most    re-    T 
markable  ancestors,  who  command  my  admiration  and  make      v. 
me  long  to  honor  the  men  and  women  of  a  hundred  years  ago,       \ 
by  lifting  this  old  town  out  of  its  lethargy  and  deserted  condi-         I 
tions  into  a  life  which  shall  be  a  monument  to  the  quiet  sleepers        ' 
in  yonder  neglected  churchyard. 

The  Marlborough  Manufacturing  Compan\-  was  incorpo- 
rated in  181 5,  the  north  factory  being  built  first,  with  some 
other  smaller  buildings,  but  later  the  company  failed  and  these 
buildings   were   sold  to  the   Union   Manufacturing  Company. 


30  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

The  Union  Manufacturing  Company  began  operating  this  mill, 
and  later  built  the  lower  mill  and  several  dwellings. 

Hartford  men  were  the  owners  of  the  property,  the  value  of 
which  I  find  entered  on  the  town  records  by  the  Rev.  David  B. 
Ripley,  then  clerk,  as  early  as  1818,  as  follows : 

"  I  hereby  certify  that  the  capital  stock  of  the  Marlborough 
Manufacturing  Company  is  forty-two  thousand  dollars." 

This  property  was  greatly  increased  in  value  as  the  years 
went  on,  and  the  homes  of  the  operatives  furnished  a  market  for 
much  of  the  produce  of  the  farms  of  the  town. 

The  fabric  manufactured  was  a  blue  cotton  stripe,  the 
market  for  which  was  found  in  the  south  among  the  cotton 
planters,  for  the  clothing  of  the  slaves. 

During  the  Civil  War  there  was  no  demand  for  the  cloth, 
and  no  cotton,  and  the  mills  stood  idle.  The  old  mill  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1861,  and  the  new  one  in  1864,  together 
with  man}-  of  the  dwellings  which  had  been  occupied  by  the 
operatives  of  the  mill.  The  mills  when  burned  were  owned  by 
the  late  Isaac  Allen. 

Since  then  a  new  mill  and  some  dwellings  have  been  built, 
and  silk  ribbon  was  manufactured  for  a  short  time,  but  now 
the  mill  is  silent  and  the  dwellings  vacant. 

The  first  mills  in  the  town  were  grist  and  saw  mills  ;  of 
the  former,  that  of  Robert  Loveland  seems  to  have  been  the 
first.  It  was  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  town,  on  the 
Black  Ledge  River.  Later  Joseph  Ingraham  and  Edward  Root 
had  mills  also. 

The  first  sawmill  was  built  by  Eleazer  Kneeland  in  the 
southeastern  part  of  the  town  about  the  time  of  the  incorpora- 
tion of  the  Ecclesiastical  Society,  or  a  little  later,  perhaps  as 
late  as  1751.  Other  needed  mills  were  built  from  time  to  time, 
when  in  1840  there  were  in  the  town  one  woolen  factory,  one 
carding  machine,  two  fulling  mills,  four  sawmills,  one  gunnery, 
and  two  large  cotton  mills.  When  Joel  Foote'.?  fulling  mill 
was  in  operation  in  the  town,  Jonathan  Kilborn  invented  a 
machine  for  pressing  cloth  in  Foote's  mill.  The  principal 
part  of  this  machine  was  a  large  screw.  This  screw,  some 
years  ago,  was  given  to  the  Historical  Society  of  Hartford. 
Mr.  Kilbbrn  invented  other  mechanical  appliances,  and  so  re- 


HISTORICAL     ADDRESS.  3 1 

markable  were  some  of  them   considered  that  the   following 
entry  on  his  tombstone  in  Colchester  may  be  read  today: 

He  was  a  man  of  invention  great 

Above  all  that  lived  nigh, 
But  could  not  invent  to  live 

When  God  called  him  to  die. 

Soon  after  the  town  was  incorporated  a  post-office  was 
located  in  the  central  part  of  the  town,  and  David  Kilborn  ap- 
pointed postmaster.  He  held  office  about  four  years,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Elisha  Buell,  who  held  it  two  years,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  General  Enos  H.  Buell,  who  held  it  until 
1839,  when  Asa  Day  was  appointed.  Day's  successors  were 
Miss  Mary  Buell,  Mrs.  Sarah  Boardman,  Mr.  E.  C.  Warner, 
and  Mrs.  Harriet  Buell  Warner,  who  was  the  last  of  the  Buells 
to  manage  the  post-office.  The  post-office  until  recent  date 
had  been  almost  continuously  in  the  Elisha  Buell  family. 

Marlborough  in  its  early  history  had  a  resident  physician 
much  of  the  time.  Among  those  recorded  as  physicians  here 
were  Hezekiah  Kneeland,  Timothy  Woodbridge,  Eleazer  Mc- 
Cray,  David  Smith,  Dr.  Spaulding,  Dr.  Palmer,  Lucius  W. 
Mcintosh,  Lewis  Collins,  Zenas  Strong,  Royal  Kingsbury,  John 
B.  Porter,  Dr.  Foote,  Harrison  Mcintosh. 

The  citizens  of  the  new  town  of  Marlborough  appealed  at 
once  to  the  probate  district  of  East  Haddam,  to  which  they  be- 
longed, for  a  day  when  the  probate  judge  should  be  at  the 
nearer  town  of  Colchester,  to  attend  to  probate  matters.  There 
is  no  record  that  it  was  ever  acted  upon  favorably,  and  so  the 
long  distance  over  the  hills  to  attend  to  that  business  was  con- 
tinued until  1846.  when  Marlborough  was  made  a  probate  dis- 
trict. The  first  estate  settled  in  the  new  district  was  that  of 
Joel  Foote,  who  had  acquired  the  title  of  the  Duke  of  }^Iarl- 
borough  on  account  of  his  continuous  service  in  the  General 
Assembly,  he  having  been  elected  to  that  office  twenty-two 
times. 

The  first  probate  judges  were  Asa  Daw  Sherman  C.  Lord, 
and  George  Foote. 

The  first  schoolhouse  was  erected  b\  Daniel  Hosford  and 
others,  nearly  opposite  the  meeting  hotise,  in  1760. 


32  MARLBOROUGH  CENTENXIAL. 

Schools  were  started  in  different  sections  of  the  town  later ; 
in  two  sections,  or  districts,  a  room  in  a  dwelling  house  was 
used  for  that  purpose,  ^Ir.  Ezra  Carter  furnishing  one  and 
Deacon  David  Skinner  the  other.  These  schools  were  the  be- 
ginning of  the  South  and  West  Districts. 

In  1841  there  were  in  the  town  five  school  districts:  the 
Center,  South,  East,  North,  and  \\*est.  with  a  total  attendance 
of  one  hundred  and  seventy  pupils. 

Captain  Daniel  jMiller  gave  his  property,  by  will  dated 
May  12,  1801,  after  the  decease  of  his  wife,  to  the  Center 
School  District.  ]^Irs.  ]vliller  died  in  1833,  and  the  district 
came  into  possession  from  this  source  of  $1,800 :  this  farm  was 
leased  for  999  years  to  Mr.  Charles  Carter  for  $1,800,  the  in- 
come from  which  was  to  be  expended  for  the  payment  of  salary 
or  board  of  teachers  for  the  Center  School  District. 

Select  schools  have  from  time  to  time  been  kept  in  the  town  ; 
among  them,  one  by  Dr.  Chauncey  Lee  was  well  patronized 
by  residents  and  nonresidents. 

Since  then  the  boarding  schools  of  Connecticut  and  neigh- 
boring states  have  called  oft'  the  boys  and  girls  from  time  to 
time,  and  an  occasional  boy  has  carried  his  education  forward 
to  the  college  and  university. 

I  have  found  the  following  in  an  old  historical  sermon  by 
the  Rev.  Hiram  Bell,  which  is  the  only  record  I  have  been 
able  to  find  concerning  the  Episcopal  Church  in  this  town. 

The  whole  parish  was  Congregational  in  sentiment  and 
church  polity,  and  worshiped  at  one  place  till  1788,  when  Asa 
Foote,  Ezra  Carter,  Elisha  Lord,  Weeks  Williams,  Xathan 
Niles,  Reuben  Curtis,  Aaron  Gillette,  ^Martin  Kellogg,  ]\Ioses 
Kellogg,  Jr.,  Gideon  Jones,  Jr..  and  Eli  Jones  left  the  society 
and  joined  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Hebron. 

They  never  built  a  house  of  worship,  but  lay  service  was 
performed  in  the  schoolhouse  in  the  south  part  of  the  town  mitil 
about  1820,  when,  from  removals  and  death,  the  congregation 
became  so  small  that  meetings  were  discontinued.  Since  that 
time  those  who  belonged  to  that  denomination  attended  public 
worship  in  Hebron.  There  were  at  one  time  about  twenty 
families  who  belonged  to  this  order. 

November  10,  1831.  a  i*>aptist  Church  was  formed  of  ten 


HISTORICAL     ADDRESS.  33 

persons  in  town  and  three  nonresidents.  The  heads  of  families 
were  Aaron  Phelps,  Oliver  Phelps,  and  Ezra  Blish. 

Meetings  were  generally  held  in  the  Northwest  schoolhouse 
till  1838,  when  they  worshiped  for  about  two  years  alternately 
with  the  jNiethodists  in  the  chapel  at  the  factory  village.  Since 
that   time   no   meetings   have   been   held. 

At  one  time  the  resident  members  were  twenty-eight  in, 
number. 

In  1810  Seth  Dickinson  and  wife  and  Sylvester  C.  Dunham 
joined  the  Methodists  in  Eastbury.  About  three  years  l^ter 
a  class  was  formed  in  the  town,  composed  of  ten  or  twelve  per- 
sons. 

In  1816  or  1817  a  Methodist  church  or  society  was  formed 
of  forty-five  individuals.  Among  them  were  the  following 
heads  of  families  :  Sylvester  C.  Dunham,  Seth  Dickinson,  Daniel 
Post,  Edward  Root,  John  Wheat,  Oliver  Dewey,  Asa  Bigelow, 
Samuel  F.  Jones,  and  Jeremiah  Burden. 

Meetings  were  held  by  them  at  first  in  private  houses,  and 
afterwards  more  generally  at  the  Northwest  and  Northeast 
schoolhouses. 

About  1838  the  agent  of  the  Union  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany fitted  up  a  chapel  for  them  at  the  factory  village,  where 
they  continued  to  worship,  a  part  of  the  time  alternating  with 
the  Baptists,  till  1841,  when  a  meeting  house  was  erected  by 
them  at  the  center,  and  dedicated  October  20th  of  that  year. 

Timothy  Merritt,  Jeremiah  Stocking  of  Glastonbury,  Allen 
Barnes  of  Long  Island,  Mr.  Griffin,  and  Daniel  Burrows  were 
among  the  pioneer  preachers  or  exhorters. 

Circuit  preachers  cared  for  the  services  from  1830  to  1842, 
when  a  regular  preacher  was  sent,  William  Livesey  being  the 
first. 

Among  his  successors  were  the  following:  John  Cooper, 
Sidney  Dean,  L.  C.  Collins,  Closes  Chase,  J.  B.  Gould,  Robert 
McGonigal,  Morrison  Lefiingwell,  L.  D.  Bentley,  Roger  Albis- 
ton,  Henry  Torbush,  William  Hurst,  A.  M.  Allen. 

The  eccentric  Lorenzo  Dow  was  a  frequent  preacher  in  the 
schoolhouse  period  of  the  church. 

When  Afarlborough  was  incorporated  as  a  town  George 
the  HI  was  on  the  throne  of  England,  Thomas  Jefferson  was 
3 


34  MARLBOROUGH  CENTENNIAL. 

president,  Aaron  Uurr  vice-president,  Jonathan  Trumbull  of 
Lebanon  was  governor,  Samuel  Wyllys  secretary,  and  John 
Porter  of  Lebanon  was  comptroller. 

The  country  town  of  Lebanon,  with  its  v.-ar  office,  governor, 
and  comptroller,  the  place  where  the  afifairs  of  the  state  and 
nation  had  been  carefully  studied  and  guarded,  gave  every 
small  town  in  the  state  courage  and  ambition  to  labor  for  the 
future,  and  labor  more  zealously  than  they  have,  especially 
during  the  past  fifty  years,  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  towns. 

Their  fathers  had  come  to  these  wilderness  lands  to  make 
for  themselves  and  their  children  a  home,  where  they  might 
enjoy  in  the  largest  wav  civil  and  religious  liberty,  leaving 
country  and  kindred  and  elegant  ways  of  living  for  a  wilderness 
and  privation  unknowm  to  us. 

I  stand  for  the  country  towns,  and  a  chance  for  every  boy 
and  girl  in  them,  barefooted  and  scantily  clad  and  fed  though 
they  may  be,  who  faces  the  future  with  a  determination  to 
make  a  successful  finish. 

We  as  children  have  never-  shown  our  gratitude  to  the 
founders  of  this  town,  many  of  whom  were  of  the  best  blood 
of  old  England.  We  have  ignored  and  forgotten,  or  never 
known,. the  great  sacrifices  made,  and  hardships  endured,  by 
these  men  and  women  whose  first  aim  was  to  worship  God  and 
teach  their  children  to  do  so. 

The  area  of  the  town  at  the  time  of  its  incorporation  was 
eighteen  square  miles. 

Ten  years  after  its  incorporation  four  square  miles  were 
added  from  Glastonbury,  the  residents  of  the  extreme  southern 
part  of  the  latter  town  finding  Marlborough  more  convenient 
for  church  and  town  affairs  :  besides,  (jlastonbury  had  been 
especially  severe  in  making  their  neighbors  pay  rates  for  four 
years  after  they  began  worshiping  and  paying  rates  with  the 
new  society  of  Marlborough,  nearly  bankrupting  them  by  doing 
so.  I  have  no  doubt  they  owed  them  a  grudge  for  doing  so  — 
I  have. 

Among  the  petitioners  for  incorporation  as  an  ecclesiastical 
society  was  Mr.  David  Bigelow  of  Colchester,  who  had  previ- 
ously settled  in  W'atertown,  Mass..  and  had  several  kinsmen  by 
the  same  name  who  had  gone  from  W'atertown  to  Marlborough, 
Mass. 


HISTORICAL     ADDRESS.  35 

]\lr.  David  Bigelow  was  rated  at  £iio  when  set  off  from  the 
west  society  of  Colchester  to  ^Marlborough,  nearly  double  that 
of  any  other  person  set  off  from  that  society.  On  account  of 
his  wealth  and  the  large  influence  he  seems  to  have  wielded  in 
the  society  it  was  guessed  that  he  suggested  the  name,  as  there 
is  a  record  of  its  having  been  called  New  Marlborough  in  his 
letter  of  dismissal  from  the  west  society  in  Colchester  to  the 
church  in  Xew  Marlborough  in  1752.  He  settled  in  Col- 
chester in  1730. 

Mr.  J.  Hammond  Trumbull  favored  the  idea  of  yiv.  Bige- 
low's  having  given  the  name  to  the  town. 

Our  first  settlers  took  their  titles  to  land  from  the  Indians  — 
Turramuggus  in  the  north,  Joshua  in  the  east,  and  the  Mo- 
hegans,  with  the  Pongwonks  and  Owaneco  south,  the  name 
Tuhi  having  long  been  given  to  a  section  of  land  in  the  north- 
east. 

Some  Indians  lived  in  the  homes  of  the  early  settlers,  as 
well  as  some  slaves.  The  names  of  two  slaves  who  un- 
doubtedly came  in  with  Ichabod  and  Epaphras  Lord  were 
Sybil  and  Tony. 

I  have  often  heard  of  the  Saddler's  ordinary  or  tavern, 
located  in  the  north  part  of  the  town,  but  am  unable  to  obtain 
anvthing  satisfactory  of  its  history  or  location  from  persons 
now  living. 

As  earlv  as  1716  Samuel  Loveland  built  a  house  on  land 
now  owned  by  ]\Ir.  Daniel  Blish :  somewhat  later  ^Messrs. 
Adams  and  Carrier  cleared  land,  which  the  family  held  until 
within  the  memory  of  most  of  us,  in  the  south  part  of  the 
town. 

The  east  part  of  the  town  was  first  settled  by  the  senior 
William  Buell,  who  was  foremost  in  securing  release  of  the 
residents  of  that  section  from  the  ecclesiastical  society  in  He- 
bron, and  in  the  incorporation  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Society  of 
]\Iarlborough.  Ezra  Strong,  Ezra  Carter,  Daniel  Hosford,  Icha- 
bod and  Epaphras  Lord,  David  Skinner,  and  Joel  Foote  were 
also  early  settlers  on  lands  which  later  became  a  part  of  t^Je 
town. 

]\Iv  mother  interested  me  as  a  child  by  telling  me  of  a  hound 
■owned  bv  the  town,  who  had  access  to  the  homes  of  the  people 


36  MARLBOROUGH  CEXTEXNIAl.. 

and  expected  to  be  fed  wherever  he  called.  Afterwards  he 
would  take  a  nap  and  pass  on  to  his  duties.  The  hound's  name 
was  Pomp,  and  his  duties  were  to  look  after  the  foxes. 

The  children  enjoyed  the  feeding  of  the  dog,  and  never  dis- 
turbed him  when  asleep.  He  must  have  added  quite  a  little 
pleasure  to  the  monotonous  life  of  the  children  of  a  hundred 
years  ago. 

]\[r.  AI.  L.  Roberts  of  Xew  Haven  writes: 

I  find  among  some  papers  that  I  have  a  record  that  Thomas  Carrier 
and  Martha,  his  wife,  with  two  sons,  Richard  and  Andrew,  came  hrst 
to  Andover,  Mass.,  from  some  part  of  Wales,  hi  1692  ]\Iartha,  the  wife. 
was  hanged  for  a  witch,  an  account  of  which  may  be  found,  I  am  told. 
in  the  collection  of  the  ^Massachusetts  Historical  Society. 

Some  time  after,  Thomas  and  his  two  sons,  Richard  and  Andrew 
came  to  Colchester,  and  in  1698  were  landholders  there.  Thomas  died 
3.1  ay  16,  1735.  aged  108  or  109  years.  Richard  Carrier  was  the  pro- 
genitor of  the  Colchester  families  and  Andrew  of  those  who  settled  in 
^larlborough. 

A  considerable  number  of  the  residents  of  this  town  went  to 
Geneseo,  in  the  state  of  New  York,  in  1805  and  later.  Among 
them  Avere  the  following,  who  were  dismissed  from  the  church 
that  year :  Joseph  Kneeland,  David  Kneeland  and  wife,  Samuel 
Finley  and  wife.  Deacon  David  Skinner  and  wife,  several  of  the 
latter's  sons  going  with  him. 

They  were  all  recommended  to  the  Church  of  Christ  in 
Geneseo. 

The  church  at  that  time  was  in  good  financial  condition, 
contributing  largely  to  charitable  purposes,  but  now  it  is  as- 
sisted financially  by  the  Connecticut  Home  ^Missionary  Society. 

A  wall  had  been  built  about  the  old  burying  ground  for 
some  time  previous  to  1846,  for  at  that  date  the  town  appointed 
a  committee  "  to  procure  a  wall  on  the  front  and  north  and 
south  ends  as  far  as  the  woodhouse.  to  be  relaid  in  a  decent 
manner,  not  higher  when  finished  than  the  wall  now  is,  and 
covered  with  flat  stones  on  the  top,  and  provide  a  suitable  gate." 
•  H^ow  well  we  have  followed  their  example  is  seen  in  the 
neglect  of  our  ancient  btu-ying  ground  toda\'. 

I  regret  to  say  that  the  poor  of  the  town  were  for  many 
vears  auctioned  off  to  the  lowest  bidder  —  and  that  no  alms- 


HISTORICAL     ADDRESS.  37 

house  has  ever  been  established.  A  workhouse,  so  called, 
for  the  shiftless,  was  frequently  combined  with  the  place  in 
which  the  poor  were  kept,  and  this,  too,  was  a  movable  affair. 

One  of  the  votes,  which  is  much  like  several  on  the  town 
records,  reads  as  follows :  "  Voted,  that  the  town  poor  be  sold 
at  auction  to  the  lowest  bidder." 

The  state  poor  were  at  one  time  kept  in  this  town  by  John 
S.  Jones. 

l\[rs.  Abigail  Lord  Woodbridge,  the  widow  of  Richard 
Lord  the  third,  became  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Timothy  Wood- 
bridge  of  the  old  Center  Church,  Hartford.  She  was  the  great- 
granddaughter  of  Elder  William  Goodwin  of  that  church,  and 
about  the  time  of  the  petition  for  incorporation  of  the  ecclesias- 
tical society  at  Marlborough,  Airs.  W'oodbridge  came  into  pos- 
session of  the  immense  estate  of  her  mother.  Airs.  Elizabeth 
Crow  Warren  Wilson.  She  invested,  as  did  her  mother,  in 
lands  in  this  vicinity,  especially  in  that  part  of  Colchester  which 
was  set  off  to  Alarlborough. 

Two  of  her  sons  by  Richard  Lord,  Epaphras  and  Ichabod, 
came  here  and  settled.  Both  were  graduates  of  Yale,  and  both 
married  Bulkeleys,  the  daughters  of  the  Rev.  John  Bulkeley  of 
Colchester.  These  two  families  brought  into  the  town  the 
blood  of  Elder  William  Goodwin,  Thomas  and  Richard  Lord 
of  Hartford,  and  the  Rev.  Peter  Bulkeley  of  Concord,  Massa- 
chusetts. 

The  original  petition  for  incorporation  of  the  ecclesiastical 
society  is  said  by  experts  to  be  in  the  handwriting  of  Epaphras 
Lord.  It  was  drawn  at  Hartford,  possibly  under  the  guiding 
hand  of  Airs.  Woodbridge,  who  contributed  generously  to  the 
church  here  in  its  early  days  on  account  of  her  two  sons  having 
located  here. 

I  cannot  resist  the  temptation  to  add  that  both  Airs.  Wood- 
bridge  and  her  mother  were  good  financiers.  Airs.  Wilson  for 
many  years  carrying  on  a  kind  of  banking  business,  the  busi- 
ness of  her  deceased  husband,  successfully.  Mrs.  Woodbridge 
invested  largely  in  lands  in  this  direction,  which  passed  to  her 
sons  here  at  her  decease,  who  were  also  her  executors. 

The  names  of  many  of  the  original  settlers  have  disappeared 
from  the  rolls  of  the  town,  and  some  names  have  become  ex- 


38  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

tinct.  Its  hospitable  mansions  are  in  ashes,  and  its  well-cleared 
lands  of  even  fifty  years  ago  are  covered  with  bushes.  The 
beauty  of  its  roadsides  has  been  disfigured,  until  its  main  street 
is  dangerous  to  pedestrians. 

I  have  never  lost  faith  personally  in  the  resurrection  of  the 
town,  and  though  today  we  probably  could  not  muster  300  souls 
if  our  census  was  taken,  my  faith  still  holds,  and  I  do  not  be- 
lieve we  sit  in  the  shadows  of  certain  extinction  as  some  think 
we  do.  Our  beautiful  lake,  Tarraumggus,  with  its  emerald  set- 
ting is  appreciated  by  a  family  well  known  for  aesthetic  tastes ; 
they  have  appreciated  it  many  years.  It  has  water  courses  and 
magnificent  views ;  nature  has  been  bountiful  with  it. 

Those  of  us  who  represent  the  founders  of  this  town  must 
not  allow  their  blood  to  become  too  diluted  in  our  veins. 
Their  perseverance  and  self-sacrifice  ought  to  command  the 
best  there  is  in  us  to  make  this  old  town  a  perpetual  monument 
to  the  men  and  women  who  have  passed  on.  We  need  not  rear 
a  lofty  monument  to  their  memory,  but  we  can  beautify  this 
main  street  and  church  surroundings  and  care  for  the  sleeping 
place  of  our  ancestors.  We  can  do  this  without  money;  the 
work  of  our  hands  is  all  that  is  necessary. 

I  trust  I  shall  be  pardoned  for  a  reference  to  my  own  love 
for  this  old  town.  It  is  not  new.  I  looked  out  upon  the  light 
here ;  I  trudged  its  highways  and  byways  to  its  public  schools ; 
I  tramped  its  hillsides  and  played  by  its  brooksides ;  I  knew  its 
flora  ;  its  birds  and  their  haunts  were  pleasant  features  of  my 
child  life ;  their  first  glad  notes  in  the  springtime  and  the  last 
sad  note  of  the  frosty  autumn  constantly  appealed  to  me.  The 
moor  near  my  old  home,  where  the  first  frog  voice  was  heard 
when  winter's  reign  was  over,  was  a  joy,  and  I  turn  my  steps 
this  way,  now  that  life's  burdens  are  upon  me,  with  a  delight 
which  is  too  sacred  to  be  spoken,  and  when  the  working  days 
are  over  I  expect  to  see  the  sun  go  down  behind  the  ^larl- 
borough  hills,  and  await  the  resurrection  morning  from  its 
sacred  soil,  with  my  ancestors. 

CONTRIBUTED   BY    MR.   WM.   H.    RICHMOND. 
Marlborough,  Wiltshire  Co.,  England,  a  municipal  and  par- 
liamentary borough  of  Wiltshire,  England,  is  situated  on  the 


HISTORICAL     ADDRESS.  39 

great  highroad  between  London  and  Bath,  and  distant  75  miles 
from  the  former,  32  from  the  latter,  and  13  from  Devizes. 
It  stands  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Kennet,  a  tributary  of  the 
Thames,  in  51°  25'  N.  lat.,  1°  43'  W.  long.  It  is  an  agricul- 
tural center,  and  has  a  weekly  market.  In  the  days  of  its 
prosperity  forty-two  public  coaches  halted  daily  at  its  doors 
(its  prototype  in  its  palmy  days  could  boast  of  two  four-horse 
post-coaches  at  its  doors),  and  it  had  a  fair  trade  in  corn  and 
malt ;  but  its  traffic  was  to  a  great  extent,  diverted  by  the  open- 
ing of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  and  it  now  carries  on  a 
very  small  trade  in  tanning,  ropemaking,  and  malting.  It  con- 
sists mainly  of  a  long,  broad  street,  terminated  at  one  end  by 
St.  Mary's  Church  and  the  town  hall  and  the  other  end  by 
St.  Peter's  Church  and  the  college.  The  municipal  council 
consists  of  a  mayor,  four  aldermen,  and  twelve  councillors, 
and  the  borough  returns  one  member  to  Parliament.  In  1881 
the  population  of  the  municipal  borough  (area  186  acres)  was 
3,343,  and  of  the  parliamentary  borough  (area  4,665  acres)  5,180 
population.  The  name  has  been  a  frequent  matter  for  discus- 
sion, some  declaring  it  to  be  the  hill  (bery)  or  fortress  (bury) 
of  Merlin  the  Briton,  others  the  Marl  borough,  in  allusion  to 
the  surrounding  soil,  which,  however,  is  chalk.  A  great  Brit- 
ish mound  exists  at  the  southwest  extremity  of  the  town,  and  a 
castle  was  erected  around  it  by  William  the  Conqueror.  This 
became  a  somewhat  notable  place.  Henry  I.  kept  Easter  here 
in  mo,  and  Henry  II.  granted  it  to  John  Lackland.  Henry  III. 
held  his  last  parliament  here  in  1267,  and  passed  the  "  Statutes 
of  Marleberye."  Later  the  castle  served  as  an  occasional  royal 
residence ;  it  was  probably  dismantled  during  the  War  of  the 
Roses.  The  town  was  besieged  and  taken  during  the  Civil 
Wars,  and  a  few  years  later  (1653)  was  almost  entirely  con- 
sumed by  fire.  A  large  mansion  was  erected  by  Lord  Seymour 
in  the  reign  of  Charles  II,  near  the  site  of  the  castle,  and  this, 
after  various  vicissitudes,  was  in  1843  converted  into  "  Marl- 
borough College,"  a  public  school  designed  mainly  for  the 
education  of  the  sons  of  the  clergy.  A  group  of  buildings  — 
chapel,  schools,  dining  hall,  racket  courts,  etc.  —  soon  sprung 
up  around  the  original  building,  and  the  school  numbered  five 
hundred  and  eighty   (580)  in  1882. 


40  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

Marlborong-h,  a  town  in  the  U.  S.,  in  Middlesex  Co.,  Mass., 
about  25  miles  west  of  Boston.  It  lies  in  a  fertile,  hilly  dis- 
trict, and  contains  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water  of  160  acres, 
known  as  Williams  Lake.  Population.  1870,  8,474;  in  1880, 
population  10,126.  Marlborough,  colonized  by  settlers  from 
Sudbury  in  1655,  and  incorporated  in  1661,  occupies  the  site 
of  the  Christian  Indian  villasre  of  Okommakamesitt. 


MILITARY   HISTORY. 

By  John  H.  Fuller. 


The  Revolutionary  record  of  Connecticut  opens  with  her 
response  to  the  historic  Lexington  alarm  of  April  19,  A.D. 
1775.  The  Society  of  Marlborough  at  that  time,  which  was 
surveyed  and  regularly  laid  out  in  the  year  1747,  was  embraced 
in  the  three  boundary  towns  of  Colchester,  Glastonbury,  and 
Hebron.  Each  contributed  certain  territory  which  later  (Au- 
o;-ust  20,  A.D.  1803)  became  an  incorporated  township.  The 
military  history  of  these  towns  commenced  with  the  Lexington 
alarm.  Seventy  able-bodied  men  marched  for  the  relief  of 
Boston  from  Colchester,  fift}'-nine  from  Glastonbury,  and  six- 
ty-one from  Hebron,  making  a  total  of  one  hundred  and  ninety 
men. 

The  Society  of  Marlborough  contributed,  without  doubt, 
her  share  of  this  number,  as  such  familiar  names  appear  on 
the  lists  as  Brown,  Bigelow,  Curtis,  Carrier,  Foot,  Hall, 
Northam,  Phelps,  Skinner,  and  Talcott ;  also  Aaron  Williams 
and  Elizur  Dewey,  who  might  have  been  a  connection  of  the 
present  celebrated  Admiral  Dewey,  as  Capt.  Simeon  Dewey, 
the  admiral's  grandfather,  was  born  at  Hebron,  Conn.,  Au- 
gust 20,  1770.  It  is  of  interest  also  that  Zachariah  Perrin,  his 
grandfather  on  his  maternal  side,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
Eighth  Company,  Twelfth  Regiment  Connecticut  Militia,  was 
also  a  Hebron  man,  born  March  18,  1749. 

Prepared  to  a  certain  extent  for  such  an  alarm,  the  wording 
used  in  the  records  of  the  day,  "  marched  for  the  relief  of  Bos- 
ton," expresses  alike  the  extent  of  their  sympathies  and  the 
nature  of  the  service  intended.  The  response  to  the  alarm  was 
not  through  any  official  action  of  the  colony,  but  rather  a  volun- 
tary movement  of  the  townsmen  in  defense  of  their  rights  and 
liberties.  This  circumstance  or  incident  illuminates  this  early 
history  with  an  illustrious  example  of  devotion  and  patriotism. 

The  voung  men  of  the  Marlborough  Societv  also  served 


42  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

with  the  Continental  Army  during  the  Revolutionary  War 
which  followed,  as  it  appears  on  record  that  the  following  resi- 
dents applied  for  service  pensions  during  the  fourteen  years 
from  1818  to  1832,  viz. :  Ezra  Blish.  Isaac  Curtis,  Joel  Fox, 
Peter  jMarjira,  Zachariah  Rollo,  John  Uxford,  and  Samuel 
Wrisley. 

Twenty-one  years  after  the  close  of  the  Revolution,  ]\larl- 
borough  Society  became  an  incorporated  township.  Then  a 
period  of  nine  years  intervened,  when  the  War  of  1812  was  pro- 
claimed, which  proved  to  be  a  number  of  naval  rather  than 
land  engagements.  In  reviewing  the  records  it  is  shown  that 
Capt.  Enos  H.  Buell,  a  resident  of  Marlborough  who  had  pre- 
viously served  in  the  Connecticut  Alilitia,  and  First  Lieut. 
David  W.  Post  and  Second  Lieut.  Dennis  Whitmore,  with  com- 
mendable energy  and  patriotism,  enrolled  eighty-six  names. 
Some  of  these  men  became  life-long  residents  of  ^Marlborough 
and  its  vicinity,  and  their  names  are  familiar  to  the  present 
generation,  viz. :  Ensign,  Manton  Hammond ;  sergeants, 
Epaphras  Bulkley,  Gibbons  P.  Mather,  Aaron  Washburn :  cor- 
porals, Russell  Brown,  Henry  W.  Fanning,  Russell  Gates, 
Erastus  Randall ;  musicians,  George  jManard,  Solomon  Phelps ; 
privates,  Joel  Archer,  Robert  Baker,  John  Benham,  George 
Bidwell,  Epaphras  Bigelow,  Gordon  Bliss,  Roswell  Bolles, 
Solomon  Bolles,  Edmon  Brainard,  Enos  Brainard,  Seley  Brain- 
ard,  Amasa  Brown,  Eleaza  Carter,  Charles  Carter,  William 
Carrier,  L'riah  Chapman.  John  Cole,  James  Covell,  Samuel  G. 
Cullum,  Ira  Culver,  Ruben  Curtis,  Samuel  P.  Cutting,  Uhiel 
/"^^^Dart,  Elijah  Dickenson,  John  Gladdis,  Abel  Gay,  Oliver  Glea- 
son,  Darius  Goodale,  Andrew  Halend,  Ephraim  Hall,  Nathaniel 
Hammond,  Odgen  Harvey,  Walter  Hibbard,  Enos  Hollister, 
Allen  House,  Erastus  Kelsey,  Oliver  Knowles,  David  Lane, 
Russell  T.  Loomis,  Luther  Loveland,  Ruben  Loveland,  Alfred 
Lucas,  John  Lucas,  Samuel  Marshall,  Henry  W.  ]\Iather, 
Mansfield  Mather,  Cooper  North,  John  C.  Northam,  Julius 
Northam,  John  Palmer,  Joseph  Peck,  Enos  Penfield,  Abraham 
Phelps,  Ashbel  Phelps,  Daniel  Phelps,  John  Phelps,  George 
Phelps,  Roderick  Phelps,  William  Phelps,  Christopher  C.  Pot- 
ter, Nathaniel  Purple,  Lyman  Ransom,  Russell  Ransom,  Henry 
Sanders,  Josiah  Shattuck,  Porter  Smith,  Eben  Stone,  Luther  S. 


V 


MILITARY     HISTORY.  43 

Talcott,  IMiiier  Walden,  Jeremiah  Weir,  James  Welden,  Moses 
West,  Roswell  West,  Warren  West,  Asa  White,  and  William 
Wyllys ;  also  David  Carrier  served  in  the  regular  army. 

These  soldiers  were  mustered  at  Marlborough  Center,  and 
the  mark  of  their  bayonets  at  their  rendezvous  is  not  obliterated. 
The  company  served  with  Capt.  Buell  in  Lieut. -Col.  Timothy 
Shepard's  regiment  at  or  near  New^  London  from  July  i8  to 
September  i6,  1813.  After  peace  was  declared  Capt.  Buell 
continued  in  the  service  of  the  state  and  gained  the  title  of  Gen. 
Buell.  By  this  appellation  he  was  known  in  after  years.  Capt. 
Buell's  father,  Col.  Elisha  Buell,  some  years  previously  estat)- 
lished  a  gun  manufactory  and  repair  shop,  which  was  located 
on  the  Turnpike  road  a  few  rods  north  and  opposite  the  present 
Methodist  Church  ;  whether  or  not  this  had  an\-  influence  with 
the  younger  Buell.  in  turning  his  mind  to  a  military  career, 
which  in  future  years  he  displayed,  we  cannot  say,  but  it  is  cer- 
tainly consistent  with  the  maxim  "  Eternal  vigilance  is  the 
price  of  liberty."  For  it  is  generally  known  had  the  Yankees 
been  destitute  of  guns,  or  those  they  possessed  been  out  of  re- 
pair, they  would  without  doubt  have  lost  their  liberties  in  the 
near  future. 

Thirty-five  years  later,  or  in  the  year  1847,  the  Mexican 
War  opened.  There  were  but  few  enlistments  from  Connecti- 
cut, the  total  being  about  fifteen  hundred.  Several  towns  in 
the  state  were  not  represented,  but  Marlborough  was  credited 
with  one,  Henry  Dixon,  who  died  in  the  service.  Then  twelve 
peaceful  years  ensued,  when  the  Civil  War  opened,  and  closed 
four  years  later,  in  April,  1865.  Historians  decide  this  was 
the  most  desperately  fought  and  destructive  war  in  life  and 
treasure  of  which  history  relates. 

Seventy-four  residents  of  Marlborough  participated  in  this 
conflict,  viz. :  Sherman  H.  Alger,  Stilman  Brainard,  James 
Berry,  George  Bennett,  Stephen  G.  Bolles.  Edwin  L.  Bennett, 
James  B.  Bali,  Elisha  ]\I.  Brigham.  Timothy  Allen,  William  K. 
Chatsey,  Gilbert  Covell,  Samuel  J.  Coleman,  Charles  Culver, 
Lafayette  Chapman,  Ralph  AL  Culver,  Harve}-  Dutton,  Wolcott 
Dickinson,  John  E.  Dunham,  Elias  Dickinson,  Francis  A.  Dut- 
ton, Charles  Ditzer,  James  H.  Everett,  George  I.  Emily,  Elisha 
B.  Fielding,  Dennison  H.  Finley,  Daniel  B.  Finley,  John  H. 


44  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

Fuller,  John  Fluskcy,  William  Cireen,  Michael  Gormon,  Wil- 
liam F.  Gerry,  George  W.  Hutchins,  Henry  B.  Haling,  Francis 
Huxford,  William  G.  Hnxford,  George  H.  Hall,  Charles  C. 
Jones,  Jesse  Hoadley,  Alonzo  Hoadley,  William  W.  Hoadley, 
George  Hodge,  James  Kelley,  Robert  Karnes,  William  G.  Kel- 
le_v,  William  W.  Latham,  Joel  Latham,  Charles  Miller,  Charles 
H.  Miller,  John  Mason,  James  Noland,  George  L.  Nichols, 
Sylvester  Prout,  David  Penhallow,  William  N.  Sackett,  John 
Smith,  Alph  W.  South  worth,  Deming  J.  F.  Sherman,  John 
Savers.  Michael  Smith,  Noah  L.  Snow,  John  Tompson,  Henry 
Talman,  David  Thomas,  Dwight  C.  Root,  Newell  W.  Root, 
Frederick  Watrous,  David  R.  Wilson,  Diodate  G.  Wilson, 
George  H.  Wilson,  Chrades  H.  Wilcox,  Andrew  F.  Warren, 
and  Charles  F.  Wilson. 

The  organizations  in  which  these  men  served  represented 
three  arms  of  the  service,  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery,  while 
our  respected  citizen  John  Coleman  and  Lucian  Buell,  now 
deceased,  served  in  the  navy.  Honorable  mention  is  also  made 
of  our  citizens  George  Lyman  and  Andrew  J.  Hanks,  who 
rendered  service  in  the  war  for  the  Union.  Seventeen  of  these 
seventy-four  soldiers  received  promotion, from  the  ranks,  which 
demonstrates  that  as  a  whole  they  served  with  fidelity,  as  the 
army  regulations  allow  but  sixteen  officers  in  every  hundred 
men  enrolled. 

The  casualties  were :  wounded,  twelve ;  killed  in  action, 
one ;  died  of  disease  and  wounds,  eight.  It  is  evident  that  for- 
tune favored  these  men,  for  it  is  to  be  remembered  the  record 
shows  that  they  took  part,  in  more  or  less  numbers,  in  all  the 
battles  from  Bull  Run  to  Appomattox,  inclusive,  and  from  At- 
lanta to  the  sea. 

Fifty-eight  were  volunteers  and  were  credited  to  the  quota 
of  Marlborough ;  one  served  by  draft,  Jesse  Hoadley,  who  was 
disabled  for  life  by  that  service ;  six  volunteers  of  the  number 
were  credited  to  the  quotas  of  other  towns.  There  were  also 
nine  substitutes,  which  almost  coincides  with  the  desertions, 
which  were  ten.  They  were  alike  foreign  to  the  soil  and  sen- 
timent of  Marlborough.  The  military  enrollment  or  liability 
of  Marlborough  in  August,  1861,  was  sixty-nine  men.  Fifty- 
eight  voluntary  enlistments  was  com])aratively  a  large  luunber, 
or  within  eleven  of  the  total  militarv  strength. 


MILITARY     HISTORY.  45 

It  is  related  that  upon  a  certain  public  occasion  during  the 
war  a  speaker,  in  his  address,  alluded  to  the  town  where  he 
resided  as  the  banner  town  of  the  state  in  that  it  had  sent  to  the 
front  more  volunteers  according  to  its  liability  than  any  town 
in  the  state,  when  Governor  Buckingham  arose  (for  correc- 
tion) and  said  that  a  number  of  the  towns  had  responded  nobly 
with  volunteers  and,  no  doubt,  the  gentleman's  town  was  one 
of  them,  but  a  small  town  in  the  south  part  of  Hartford  County 
held  that  distinction.  Surely  this  was  creditable  to  Marlbor- 
ough in  the  days  of  secession. 

In  the  war  with  Spain  of  1898  ?\larlborough  was  not  rep- 
resented bv  any  resident,  although  three  native-born  partici- 
pated. Charles  O.  Lord  and  Howard  L.  Dickinson  served  with 
the  Connecticut  Volunteers,  and  David  Wilson  served  under 
the  assumed  name  of  Fred  Spencer  with  the  U.  S.  regulars  in 
Porto  Rico. 

And  now  at  the  close  of  the  century  for  what  these  men 
fought,  what  thcv  suffered  and  endured  in  common  with  thou- 
sands of  their  fellow-countrymen,  from  the  historic  Alarm 
down  through  the  decades,  has  not  been  in  vain.  Civil  liberty 
has  been  appreciated  and  enjoyed  by  those  for  whom  they  put 
their  lives  in  jeopardy,  and  thousands  of  the  oppressed  of 
earth  have  sought  the  land  of  liberty  and  its  benefiting  and  en- 
lightening results.  More  than  this,  constitutional  liberty  has 
crossed  the  seas  and  embraced  within  its  folds  for  betterment 
millions  of  the  inhabitants  of  other  lands,  and  stands  forth 
today  to  the  gaze  of  monarchies  with  a  dazzling  splendor  which 
cannot  retard  its  humanizing  and  civilizing  influence  for  the 
happiness  and  well-being  of  man. 


BOUNDARIES  OF  THE  TOWN. 


As  the  act  of  incorporation  of  the  Town  of  Marlborough, 
passed  by  the  General  Assembly,  October,  1803  (Private  Laws 
Conn.,  Vol.  II,  page  1157),  refers  to  the  boundaries  of  the 
Society  of  Marlborough,  which  was  incorporated  in  May, 
1747  (printed  Col.  Records  of  Conn.,  \"ol.  IX,  page  303),  it  is 
the  provisions  of  the  latter  to  which  we  must  look  for  these 
boundaries. 

Referring  to  the  letters  upon  the  sketch  on  the  opposite 
page,  the  description  reads  as  follow^s : 

Beginning  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Aliddletown  bounds,  (A)  and 
from  thence  a  line  drawn  northerly  to  the  northwest  corner  of  David 
Dickinson's  land  in  Eastberry,  (B)  and  from  thence  eastward  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  a  lot  of  land  on  which  Daniel  Chamberlain's  barn 
stands,  (C)  and  from  thence  to  run  near  east  on  the  north  side  of  said 
Chamberlain's  land  until  it  meet  with  Hebron  west  line,  (D)  and  from 
thence  southerly  to  the  northwest  corner  of  a  farm  of  land  on  which 
the  Widow  Lucy  Talcott  now  dwells,  (E)  and  from  thence  a  straight 
line  to  the  road  at  Daniel  Root's,  (F)  and  from  thence  on  a  straight 
line  to  the  riding  place  over  Fawn  Brook,  being  at  the  northeast  corner 
of  the  land  of  Joseph  Phelps,  jun^,  (G)  and  from  thence  southerly  as 
the  brook  runs  until  it  comes  to  the  riding  place  passing  from  Joseph 
Kellogg's  over  said  brook  to  the  Pine  Hill,  (H)  and  from  thence  a 
straight  line  to  Mr.  John  Adam's  farm  to  the  southeast  corner  by  the 
country  road,  (/)  including  said  farm,  and  from  the  most  southerly  part 
of  said  farm  (7)  a  west  line  to  Middletown  east  bounds,  (K)  then 
northerly  by  Middletown  line  to  the  first  mentioned  corner.     (A) 

These  were  the  original  boundaries  of  Marlborough  So- 
ciety, composed  of  parts  of  the  towns  of  Colchester,  Hebron, 
and  Glastonbury,  and  later  incorporated  into  the  Town  of  Marl- 
borough. 

An  addition  was  made  to  this  tract  from  (i^lastonbury  in 
1813   (Private  Laws  Conn.,  Vol.    II.  p.    1158).  and  referring 


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^HOWIINJa    TMC     El^OUUTl  O  »s*    or   TOWN. 

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48  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

to  the  same  sketch  on  previous  page,  a  description  of  this  addi- 
tion is  as  follows : 

Beginning  at  Marlborough  northeast  corner,  on  Hebron  line,  {D) 
thence  northwardly  on  said  line,  three  hundred  and  thirty  rods  to  a 
monument  on  a  bluff  or  clump  of  rocks;  (M)  thence  south  eighty-eight 
degrees  thirty  minutes  west,  until  it  comes  to  a  heap  of  stones  in  the 
north-west  corner  of  John  Huxford's  land,  and  the  south-west  corner 
of  the  Hale  lot,  so  called,  now  in  possession  of  Chester  Hills,  (L)  from 
thence  southwesterly  to  a  chestnut  tree  with  stones  about  it  in  the  north- 
east corner  of  Samuel  F.  Jones'  land,  and  the  north-west  corner  of 
John  Finley's  land,  from  thence  southwardly  on  the  east  line  of  said 
Jones's  land,  Simon  Bailey's  land,  and  Caleb  Brainard's  land  to  Marl- 
borough line.     (C) 

Another  annexation  was  made  from  Glastonbury  in  1859 
(Private  Laws  Conn.,  Vol.  V,  p.  305),  embracing  part  of  the 
house  of  Harry  Finley.  This  house  stood  in  the  extreme 
northern  part  of  the  town,  and  upon  the  town  line,  and  the 
resolution  of  the  General  Assembly  states  "  that  for  all  tax- 
able purposes,  and  for  attending  town  and  electors'  meetings, 
said  Harry  Finley  shall  and  does  hereby  belong  to  the  said 
town  of  Marlborough." 

The  town  enjoys  the  unique  distinction  of  having  been 
made  up  from  three  counties,  Colchester  being  in  New  London 
county,  Hebron  in  Tolland  county,  and  Glastonbury  in  Hart- 
ford county,  to  which  the  town  of  Marlborough  was  annexed 
at  time  of  incorporation. 

The  boundaries  of  the  parts  of  Colchester.  Hebron,  and 
Glastonbury  within  the  present  territory  of  ^larlborough  are 
as  follows : 

The  north  end  of  Colchester  (from  A  to  O  on  diagram)  is 
described  in  Vol.  I,  p.  89,  Colchester  Land  Records,  as  es- 
tablished April  6,  1756: 

Beginning  "at  a  heap  of  stones  (./)  being  the  northeast  bound 
mark  between  Middletown  and  Glasonbury,  and  took  the  course  of 
divident  line  between  said  towns  ^iliddlctown  and  Glasonbury,  and 
found  ye  course  to  be  east  about  one  degree  north,  and  then  began  at 
said  heap  of  stones  (A)  and  run  east  the  same  course  between  sd. 
Glasonbury  and  Colchester  to  ye  highway  leading  to  Colchester  (O), 
being  one  mile  and  one  hundred  and  fifteen  rods,  and  have  erected 
monuments  on  the  line  every  forty  rods." 


TOWN     BOUNDARIES.  49 

The  line  between  Colchester  and  Hebron  (from  /  to  O  on 
diagram)  was  settled  by  the  General  Court  in  ]\Iay,  1716. 
(printed  Colonial  Records,  \"ol.  \'.  page  559)  as  follows: 

Beginning  '"  at  the  place  in  Jeremy's  River  where  the  road  from 
Glassenbury  to  New  London  passeth  the  said  river,  and  from  thence 
northwestward  the  bounds  between  said  towns  shall  be  the  said  road  as 
it  is  now  used." 

This  is  further  described  in  A^ol.  I,  page  305,  Hebron  land 
records,  as  established  May  17,  1722: 

A  country  road  of  six  rods  wide  between  Colchester  and  Hebron 
from  a  river  called  Jeremies  River  to  Glasingbery  bounds ;  begmning 
first  at  the  above  said  river  at  the  river  six  rods  wide,  so  running  north- 
erly between  Nathaniel  Dunham's  and  James  Robard's  land  six  rods 
wide  to  Robard's  northeast  corner  bounds,  there  six  rods  wide ;  from 
thence  northwesterly  betwixt  Hebron  and  Colchester  up  the  hill  north- 
westerly to  the  top  of  the  hill  six  rods  wide,  three  rods  each  side  of 
the  path,  the  southwest  side  of  the  p'ath  a  point  of  rocks,  the  northeast 
side  a  white  oak  plant,  stones  about  it ;  from  thence  northwest  six 
rods  wide  to  about  two  rods  northward  of  Thomas  Day's  barn,  there 
a  heap  of  stones  three  rods  southward  of  the  path  and  a  heap  of  stones 
three  rods  northward  of  the  path  where  it  now  goes ;  from  thence  west 
and  by  north  six  rods  wide,  three  rods  each  side  of  the  path,  to  the 
faling  of  the  hill  west,  there  a  walnut  stadle  three  rods  northeast  of 
the  path,  stones  about  it,  and  a  walnut  plant  three  rods  southeast  of  the 
path,  stones  about  it ;  from  thence  northwest  six  rods  wide  to  Thomas 
Day's  northwest  corner  bound ;  from  thence  northwest  and  by  west 
six  rods  wide  to  a  white  oak  tree  marked  on  the  south  side  of  the  path 
and  a  black  oak  tree  marked  on  the  easterly  side  of  the  path  ;  from 
thence  northwest  six  rods  wide  to  a  white  oak  staddle,  stones  about  it, 
by  a  flat  rock  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  path,  and  a  white  oak  staddle 
on  the  northeast  side  of  the  path,  stones  about  it;  from  thence  north 
six  rods  wide  to  a  white  oak  tree  marked  on  the  west  side  of  the  path 
and  a  ledge  of  rocks  on  the  northeast  side  of  the  path  ;  from  thence 
northwest  and  six  rods  wide,  three  rods  each  side  of  the  path,  to  a  white 
oak  staddle  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  path  which  is  Hen  Dibell's 
northeast  bound,  and  a  white  oak  tree  marked  on  the  northeast  side  of 
the  path  near  Faun  Brook;  from  thence  northwesterly  across  Faun 
Brook  to  the  Riding  place  at  Black  Ledge  River  six  rods  wide,  three 
rods  each  side  of  the  path  as  the  path  now  goes;  from  thence  north- 
westerly to  a  rock  stones  upon  it  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  path 
and  a  heap  of  stones  on  the  north  side  of  the  path ;  from  thence 
northwesterly  six  rods  wide  to  a  white  oak  tree  marked  at  the  north- 
east end  of  the  Rattlesnake  rock  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  path,  and 
at  a  white  oak  tree  marked  on  the  northeast  side  of  the  path;  from 


50  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

thence  northwesterly  six  rods  wide  a  straight  Hne  to  a  white  oak  tree, 
stones  about  it,  on  the  east  side  of  the  path  which  is  Mr.  Bulckly's 
south  corner  bound  and  a  walnut  staddle  on  the  easterly  side  of  the 
road  a  little  north  of  a  rock  called  Prats  farm ;  from  thence  northwest 
to  a  white  oak  tree,  marked,  stones  about  it.  Mr.  Bulckly's  north  corner 
bounds  on  the  westerly  side  of  the  path  and  a  black  oak  tree,  marked, 
on  the  east  side  of  the  path ;  from  thence  six  rods  wide  three  rods  each 
side  of  the  path  now  goes  to  Glasingbery  bounds.     (O) 

This  point  (0)  is  southwesterly  from  and  near  the  present 
residence  of  Daniel  Blish,  near  the  brook  which  crosses  the 
highway  sottth  of  his  house,  and  is  where  the  south  line 
of  Glastonbury  crossed  the  old  Hartford  and  New  London 
country  road.  This  road  ran  upon  the  east  side  of  the  pond, 
and  past  the  residence  of  Daniel  Blish,  joining  the  present 
turnpike  near  where  it  crosses  the  stream  in  Dark  Hollow. 
A  part  of  this  road  from  the  east  side  of  the  pond  to  a  point 
south  of  Daniel  Blish's,  and  another  section  from  the  cross- 
road north  of  his  house  to  Dark  Hollow,  is  now  discontinued. 

The  line  between  Glastonbury  and  Hebroii,  easterly  from 
O  to  A^  and  northerly  from  A'  to  E  on  diagram,  is  not 
easily  determined  at  the  present  time,  as  no  survey  of  the 
same  is  known  to  be  in  existence,  but  the  part  from  O  to  N 
was  doubtless  an  extension  of  the  line  A  to  O,  which  was 
described  in  1756  as  "east  about  one  degree  north"  (Col- 
chester Land  Records,  Vol.  I,  page  89),  and  the  part  from 
A/"  to  £  is  an  extension  of  the  present  north  part  of  the  line 
between  Hebron  and  Marlborough  (M  to  E),  which  was  de- 
scribed in  1804  as  "  south  eight  degrees  east'/  (Hebron  Land 
Records,  Vol.  XL  page  210). 

The  corner  A^  is  located  as  the  southeast  corner  of  land 
now  owned  by  Jonathan  N.  Wood  of  Hebron  (Marlborough 
Land  Records,  Vol.  V,  page  301),  and  near  the  "Old  Fox 
Road."  a  mile  or  more  north  of  the  present  main  road  from 
Marlborough  to  Hebron. 

This  was  the  southeast  corner  of  a  lot  laid  out  to  Capt. 
Ephraim  (Goodrich  of  Wethersfield,  January  28,  1728-29,  "  in 
the  Five  Mile  at  the  southeast  corner  of  said  Glassenbury," 
one  of  the  bounds  "  being  the  southeast  corner  of  said  Glas- 
senbury liounds  "  (Glastonbury  Land  Records,  Vol.  IV,  page 


TOWN     BOUNDARIES.  5 1 

3).  This  land  under  various  descriptions,  and  in  pieces  of 
varying  size,  although  preserving  the  identical  southeast  cor- 
ner, has  passed  from  the,  original  owner  above  through  the 
following  owners  to  the  present,  namely :  David  Goodrich, 
Capt.  David  Hubbard,  both  of  Glastonbury,  Noah  Phelps  of 
Hebron,  Colonel  Thomas  Fitch  of  Boston,  William  Brattle  and 
wife  of  Cambridge,  Daniel  Hosford  of  Hebron,  Roger  Dewey. 
John  Dewey,  both  of  Glastonbur}-,  Jonathan  Northam  of  Col- 
chester, Oliver  Northam,  Isaac  B.  Buell,  both  of  Marlborough, 
Michael  Allen  and  Jonathan  N.  Wood,  both  of  Hebron. 

It  seems  that  the  western  boundary  of  Hebron  upon  Glas- 
tonbury was  originally  supposed  to  run  northerly  from  the 
north  end  of  Colchester  and  Hebron  line,  (0)  as  the  western 
boundary  of  the  original  legacy  to  Saybrook  men  (Hebron), 
by  the  will  of  Joshua  Sachem,  executed  February  29,  1675-76 
(Colony  Records  of  Deeds,  etc.,  Vol.  II,  page  130,  in  the 
Secretary's  office),  is  described  "abutting  westward  to  the 
insight  of  Hartford  and  of  Hartford  bounds."  This  was 
further  defined  by  the  committee  of  the  General  Assembly  in 
1714  "to  be  at  the  distance  of  eight  miles  east  from  the  great 
river."  In  1722  a  committee  "  extended  Glassenbury  about  a 
mile  and  quarter  on  the  south  side  further  east  than  their 
former  southeast  corner,  which  takes  out  of  Hebron  into  Glas- 
senbury about  2,200  acres  of  land."  This  was  done  so  as  to 
allow  to  Glastonbury  the  full  contents  of  eight  miles  and  twenty 
rods  east  of  the  Great  River,  which  makes  a  large  bend  to  the 
eastward  opposite  the  town,  and  this  measurement  of  1722  was 
made  at  its  easternmost  point.  This  accounts  for  the  pro- 
jection of  the  southeast  corner  of  Glastonbury  into  tiebron. 
The  particulars  are  found  in  Towns  and  Lands,  Vol.  VI,  doc. 
186,  in  State  Library,  which  is  a  petition  from  the  town  of 
Hebron  to  the  General  Court  regarding  the  triangular  piece  of 
land  south  of  Glastonbury  and  east  of  Colchester. 

The  onl}-  survey  of  the  town  boundaries  of  comparatively 
modern  date,  is  that  between  Hebron  and  Marlborough,  and 
is  of  April,  1804,  and  found  in  Hebron  Land  Records,  Vol. 
XI,  page  210.  "  Courses  given  as  the  magnetic  needle  now 
reads,  the  variation  being  5  deg.  45  min.  westerly."  Begin- 
ning at  the  northeast  corner  of  Marlborough  at  pile  of  stones, 


52  MARLBOROUGH  CENTENNIAL. 

thence  south  8  deg.  east  41  rods,  to  northwest  corner  of  Tal- 
cott  farm,  thence  south  54  deg.  45  min.  east  332  rods,  to  road 
east  of  Samuel  Fielding's,  thence  ^outh  22  deg.  25  min.,  east 
500  rods,  to  "  the  wading  place  "  at  northeast  corner  of  Shaw 
farm,  thence  as  the  hrook  runs  to  "  the  wading  place  "  north 
of  Moses  Kellogg's,  thence  south  6  deg.  45  min.  west  530  rods, 
to  walnut  upon  Colchester  line. 

Thus  I  have  endeavored  to  embody  in  a  brief  sketch  such 
items  of  information  as  I  have  been  able  to  find  concerning  the 
boundaries  of  the  town.  I  can  hardly  hope  that  all  the  records 
now  extant  have  been  examined,  but  I  trust  that  this  article  will 
put  in  a  permanent  and  convenient  form  the  information,  which 
in  its  origfinal  is  widelv  scattered. 


^-  e.  >Ci.  Jz^  jjl4  . 


REMINISCENCES,  BY  HART  TALCOTT. 


As  I  am  asked  to  speak  to  you  on  events  of  the  past,  and  as 
§"ood  sight  with  me  is  a  thing  of  the  past,  you  will  allow  me  to 
use  "  helps  to  read  "  of  a  former  generation,  grandfather's 
spectacles   (heavy  brass  frames  and  jointed). 

When  a  person  is  announced  to  speak  on  a  great  occasion 
like  this,  the  hearers  naturally  wish  to  know  who  he  is  and 
where  he  came  from.  I  came  to  this  town  for  my  residence  in 
the  vear  1800,  in  the  person  of  my  father,  iMoseley  Talcott, 
then  twenty-one  years  of  age,  who  once  on  a  time  in  Boston, 
when  asked  in  a  public  place  for  his  name  and  address,  wrote, 
on  the  spur  of  the  moment  and  without  previous  thought, 
"  Moseley  Talcott,  a  sprig  of  the  balm  of  Gilead,  a  Hebronite 
of  the  tribe  of  Gad,  formerly  of  Pumptown,  lately  of  the  town 
that  adjourned  Thanksgiving  for  the  want  of  molasses."  The 
explanation  is :  My  father,  a  son  of  Gad  Talcott,  was  born  in 
Gilead,  town  of  Hebron,  nicknamed  Pumptown  because  of  the 
bursting  into  many  pieces  of  a  log  pump,  which  the  citizens 
had  bound  with  iron  and  wooden  hoops,  and  used  in  place  of 
a  cannon  in  celebrating  the  capture  of  Louisburg  from  the 
French  in  1758.  Barbour's  History  of  Connecticut  says:  "  The 
fame  of  the  exploit  spread  over  the  whole  world  and  was  writ- 
ten in  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  England.  George  the 
Third,  in  the  plenitude  of  his  goodness,  provided  a  substitute, 
made  of  pure  brass,  that  his  faithfull  subjects  might  ever  after 
sing  pseans  to  his  victorious  army.  This  mark  of  his  Majestie's 
favor,  however,  was  lost  in  passing  the  Atlantic  Ocean." 

The  section  of  this  town  which  my  father  settled  in  was 
then  a  part  of  Colchester,  which  town,  "  at  a  legal  town  meet- 
ing held  October  29,  1705,  voted  to  put  over  Thanksgiving 
services  and  festivities  from  the  first  to  the  second  Thursday 
in  November."  Tradition  says  there  being  a  deficiency  of  mo- 
lasses was  the  reason.     The  roads  were  in  such  bad  condition 


54  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

they  could  not  haul  freight  from  New  London.  The  mode  of 
hauling  was  primitive.  For  want  of  carts  or  wagons,  they  used 
long,  stout  poles.  The  forward  ends  were  attached  to  the  horse, 
or  to  the  yoke  of  the  oxen  ;  the  ends  carrying  the  load  dragging 
behind  them  on  the  ground  were  connected  by  cross  ties,  and 
upright  stakes  kept  the  loading  from  rolling  off  in  the  rear, 
I  have  seen  such  apparatus  in  use  on  hilly  farms  in  the  West 
Indies.  At  funerals  the  hearse,  so  indispensable  now,  was  not 
much  in  vise.  The  cofifin,  except  for  long  distances,  and  some- 
times then,  was  borne  by  relays  of  men,  sometimes  on  their 
shoulders  and  sometimes  on  biers  or  poles  lashed  together  for 
the  occasion.  The  first  bier  used  in  this  parish  was  built  by 
my  father  for  use  at  the  funeral  of  his  wife  in  September,  1822, 
and  was  the  only  one  here  for  many  years.  A  few  years  ago  I 
saw  the  broken  remains  of  such  a  bier  lying  on  the  ground  in 
the  rear  of  the  old  cemetery  near  by.  One  hundred  years  ago 
not  a  house  in  town  was  painted  white,  either  inside  or  out. 
Yellow,  red,  or  unpaintcd  wood  were  the  colors,  and  when, 
early  in  the  century,  one  was  painted  white,  inside  and  out,  it 
was  a  more  engaging  topic  of  conversation  Sunday  noons  than 
the  doctrines  of  election,  free  moral  agency,  or  infant  damna- 
tion, which  in  those  days  were  vigorously  preached ;  to  say 
nothing  of  discussions  at  other  times  as  to  the  durability  of 
white  paint,  its  coming  into  general  use,  etc.  About  that  time 
a  new  schoolhouse  was  built  in  our  mother  town  of  Hebron 
and  painted  white.  That  innovation  has  been  known  ever  since 
as  the  "  White  Schoolhouse  "  in  Gilead.  I  have  been  told  that 
it  was  the  first  schoolhouse  in  Connecticut  painted  white  on  the 
outside.  In  these  first  one  hundred  years  several  new  high- 
ways have  been  opened,  the  principal  one,  the  Hartford  and 
New  London  Turnpike,  coming  straight  as  possible  from  the 
old  site  of  the  Congregational  Church  in  East  Hartford,  down 
through  Glastonbury,  Dark  Hollow,  once  called  a  "  wild,  ro- 
mantic place,"  and  where,  on  the  mountain  overlooking  it,  is 
said  to  have  lived  for  several  years 'an  English  gentleman  who 
had  married  a  daughter  of  one  of  the  governors  of  Connecticut. 
Foreign  gentlemen  early  recognized  the  beauty  and  wealth  of 
American  ladies.  In  this  hollow  still  lies  the  rock  whereon  the 
contractor  of  the  road,  a  retired  clergyman,  a  native  of  this 


REMINISCENCES.  55 

town,  laid  his  coat,  saying,  "  Lie  there,  divinity,  while  I  give 
this  man  a  thrashing."  And  then  he  soundly  thrashed  into 
silence  the  walking  delegate  wdio  up  to  that  time  persistently 
interfered  with  the  building  of  the  road.  Then  the  road, 
coming  through  factory  village,  west  side  of  the  lake,  then  be- 
tween the  Methodist  Church  and  the  famous  old  tavern  where 
so  much  work  has  been  done  to  make  this  celebration  a  grand 
success,  then  past  this  church,  and  on  to  good  old  Xew  London 
in  as  straight  a  line  as  the  Czar's  railroad  from  St.  Petersburgh 
to  jNIoscovv-. 

"  If  a  curved  line  is  a  line  of  beauty,  and  a  thing  of  beauty 
is  a  joy  forever,"  then  how  happy  must  our  fathers  have  been 
when  they  followed  the  old  circuitous  route  from  below  us  out 
to  the  old  Deacon  Strong  Homestead,  then  in  by  the  tavern,  of 
course,  up  by  the  east  side  of  the  Methodist  Church,  past  my 
dear  old  birthplace,  which  is  protected  in  front  by  granite  post 
and  wrought-iron  fence  built  in  1820,  and  the  Cheney  cottage 
on  the  east  side  of  the  lake,  then  around  the  northern  end  of 
the  lake,  and  in  some  devious  way  to  South  Glastonbury  and 
so  on  to  Hartford.  The  route  was  very  crooked ;  many  por- 
tions long  since  fenced  in  and  given  up  to  pasturage  and  other 
uses. 

While  we  are  known  as  the  smallest  town  in  the  state,  we 
are  comforted  in  the  thought  that  our  fathers  were  not  im- 
poverished by  taxation  (unless  they  worked  out  in  highway 
repairs  the  greater  part  of  their  taxes),  as  the  inscription  on 
this  old  Scotch  thread  box,  the  strong  box  of  the  town,  would 
seem  to  prove :  "  This  box  contained  the  town's  money,  thirty- 
two  years  in  succession,  and  was  relieved  October  9,  1840." 
My  father  was  treasurer  those  thirty-two  years  continuously, 
and  did  not  abscond.  The  auditor's  release  is  inside.  Official 
service  was  not  always  expensive.  Once,  previous  to  his  serv- 
ice as  treasurer,  at  the  close  of  a  state  election,  bids  were  made 
for  carrying  the  official  returns  to  Hartford.  One  man  offered 
to  do  it  for  $5.00,  others  for  a  less  sum;  one  "  offered  to  per- 
form the  service  for  the  honor  of  it."  Moseley  Talcott,  not  to 
be  outdone,  offered  to  do  it  for  the  honor  of  it  and  to  pay  the 
town  two  cents  for  the  privilege.  His  bid  was  accepted,  the 
money  ])aid,  and  receipt  taken.     The  U.  S.  government  some- 


56  MARLBOROUGH     CExNTENNIAL. 

times  taxed  them  for  "  riding  on  wheels."  I  have  three  re- 
ceipts given,  one  in  1814,  1815,  and  one  in  1816,  by  the  Col- 
lector of  the  Fourth  Collection  District  of  Connecticut:  (2) 
Two  dollars  each  "  for  the  privilege  of  using  a  (2)  two-wheeled 
carriage  called  a  chaise,  and  the  harness  therefor,  for  the  term 
of  one  year  each,  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States."  Some 
of  these  licenses  were  printed  for  two  dollars,  some  for  seven. 
The  population  of  the  town  may  be  small,  but  the  people  not  so. 
At  regimental  and  brigade  drills,  the  militia  from  Marlborough 
were  styled  "  sons  of  Anak,"  only  one  or  two  of  them  at  one 
time  being  less  than  six  feet  in  height.  You  remember  the  re- 
port of  the  twelve  spies  sent  out  by  Moses,  "  And  there  we 
saw  the  giants,  the  sons  of  Anak,  which  come  of  the  giants, 
and  we  were  in  our  own  sight  as  grasshoppers,  and  so  we  were 
in  their  sight."  One  militia  captain  on  the  day  he  first  drilled 
his  men  could  not  keep  them  in  line  or  step  together.  He  dis- 
missed them  for  a  few  days.  In  the  intervening  time  he  used 
his  team  and  plow  in  making  furrows  between  the  east  line 
of  the  town  street  in  front  of  his  own  mowing  lots  and  the 
roadway  which  ran  near  the  west  side  of  the  street.  When 
the  company  was  called  together  again,  my  father  issued  his 
commands,  marched  the  company  several  times  over  those  fur- 
rows, with  the  result  of  their  learning  to  keep  in  step  and  good 
alignment.  He  commanded  a  well-drilled  company  for  several 
years. 

Men  and  sons  of  men  great  in  their  works  have  been  born 
here. 

Col.  Elisha  Buell,  who  was  a  repairer  of  muskets  for  Revo- 
lutionary soldiers,  lived  and  had  his  shops  a  little  north  of  the 
old  hotel.  He  was  a  fine  workman  in  iron  and  steel.  A  horn- 
handled  carver  and  fork,  which  he  made  and  presented  to  my 
father,  can  be  seen  in  the  room  of  antiques.  His  son,  Gen. 
Enos  Buell,  was  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  that  company 
was  never  mustered  out  from  the  United  States  service.  They 
were  marched  home  and  dismissed  until  called  together  again. 
They  never  received  any  pay  whatever,  until  a  few  years  pre- 
vious to  the  death  of  the  last  half-dozen  or  so,  when  they  each 
made  affidavits  of  service,  their  statements  proven  at  the  war 
office  in  Washington,  and  thereafter  they  received  a  pension. 


REMINISCENCKS.  57 

Some  may  say  they  were  not  entitled  to  much,  for  in  the  lan- 
guage of  their  regimental  paymaster,  "  We  marched  twice  to 
New  London,  encamped,  and  did  nothing  under  the  light  of 
the  sun  but  eat  fish  and  oysters." 

I.  Lord  Skinner,  as  he  wrote  his  name,  was  a  minister  of 
great  ability,  a  character,  a  man  who  accomplished  things.  In 
his  parish  was  a  very  troublesome  man,  one  who  delighted  to 
contradict  and  annoy  people,  ministers  especially,  and  would 
not  be  persuaded  to  cease,  until  one  day,  when  a  number  of 
neighboring  pastors,  on  the  invitation  of  Mr.  Skinner,  were  as- 
sembled in  the  reception  room  for  a  private  conference,  this 
man  persisted  in  being  present,  his  insulting  annoyance  was 
unbearable,  and  they  could  not  persuade  him  to  cease.  Mr. 
Skinner  resorted  to  the  art  of  boxing,  one  of  his  college  accom- 
plishments, with  such  good  effect  that  the  man  was  thoroughly 
humbled  and  was  ever  after  a  peaceable  man.  But  ]\Ir.  Skin- 
ner, feeling  that  he  had  "  disgraced  the  cloth,"'  resigned  his 
pastorate,  and  never  entered  the  pulpit  again.  When  he  left 
the  ministry  he  went  to  Hartford  and  built  what  is  known  as 
the  "  Old  Pavilion  House,"  No.  72  Wooster  Street,  at  that  time 
a  large  and  fine  residence.  His  style  of  living  and  equipage 
excited  the  admiration  of  the  old  aristocracy.  He  built  the 
Windsor  Locks  canal,  was  chief  contractor  on  the  Hartford  and 
New  London  turnpike.  Moving  to  New  York,  he  became  one 
of  the  most  prominent  contractors  on  public  works. 

The  Kilbourns,  who  settled  early  in  Keokuk,  Iowa,  Wil- 
liams in  Chicago,  were  prominent  men  in  business  and  in  offi- 
cial life.  The  Peltons,  who  settled  near  Syracuse,  were  prom- 
inent agriculturists.  Jonathan  Kilbourn,  who  lived  in  the 
second  house  north  of  this,  was  the  inventor  of  the  iron  screw 
and  many  other  tools.  He  died  October  14,  1785,  and  was 
buried  in  Colchester,  where  many  of  our  first  residents  were 
buried. 

The  name  of  Ingraham  is  a  familiar  one,  and  reminds  us  of 
clocks.  Elias  Ingraham,  born  in  1805,  went  with  his  brother, 
Andrew,  to  Bristol  in  1825,  where,  for  sixty  years,  or  until  his 
decease,  he  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  those  famous 
Yankee  clocks,  depending  on  which  no  church  or  schoolhouse 
bell  has  since  dared  to  ring  until  they  gave  the  time. 


58  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

The  name  of  Bigelow  is  one  I  remember  with  affection,  for 
the  loving  care  bestowed  by  one  on  three  httle  ones,  whose 
mother  left  us  when  I  was  scarce  three  months  old.  The  son 
of  her  father's  brother,  our  chairman  today,  has  honorably 
served  his  country  at  home,  and  also  as  ambassador  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  France.  A  son  of  his,  also,  is  a  well-known  writer. 
Our  friend  Richmond  of  Scranton,  Pa.,  who  proves  his  loyalty 
to  his  native  heath  by  almost  yearly  visits  here,  has  won  dis- 
tinction for  himself  by  a  successful  business  life  and  in  contri- 
butions for  the  papers. 

Samuel  Colt,  the  inventor  of  repeating  firearms,  lived  some 
two  years  at  the  north  end  of  this  street.  I  once  heard  him 
say  that  he  was  here  "  taught  the  art  of  farming  and  of  good 
behavior."     j\Iy  father  said  he  w'as  a  hard  colt  to  break  in. 

Kathrens,  an  Irish  cobbler,  who  was  impressed  by  the  Brit- 
ish into  their  army  during  the  Revolution,  with  several  im- 
pressed comrades,  deserted  the  British  at  the  first  opportunity 
after  landing  on  our  shores.  He  said  that  "  the  time  to  get  rid 
of  a  bad  officer  was  on  a  retreat."  At  the  time  that  he  and  sev- 
eral of  his  impressed  comrades  deserted  they  were  on  a  retreat. 
"  The  colonel  was  riding  nearly  in  front  of  us.  A  dozen  guns 
besides  mine  were  pointed  at  the  colonel,  .at  the  same  time,  and 
he  fell  from  his  horse  dead.  I  don't  know  whose  bullet  hit 
him,  but  he  never  troubled  us  any  more."  He  soon  settled  at 
the  north  end  of  this  street.  He  liked  this  country  and  heartily 
believed  every  word  in  the  Bible,  except  that  story  of  Samson 
catching  three  hundred  foxes  and  tying  firebrands  to  their 
tails,  etc.    He  declared  that  to  be  too  much  for  any  man's  belief. 

We  cannot  boast  of  canals,  trolley  cars,  or  railroads  run- 
ning through  our  town,  but  time  was  when  j\Iarlborough  was 
noted  for  sending  the  biggest  loads  of  wood,  drawm  by  the 
longest  teams  of  oxen,  to  Middle  Haddam  for  shipment  to 
New  York,  before  our  townsman  Richmond,  of  Scranton,  and 
his  friends  shipped  their  "  black  diamonds  "  to  New  York  so 
freely,  and  killed  the  business.  Where  are  those  teams  now, 
those  cattle  on  a  thousand  hills?  Alas!  now  'tis  almost  a 
thousand  hills  to  a  cattle. 

If  hotels  had  always  kept  a  register  of  people  stopping 
with  them,  even  though  it  were  but  for  a  meal  and  the  toddy 


REMINISCENCES.  59 

of  the  fathers,  then  from  some  closet,  or  the  ckingeon  '*  next 
the  roof  of  our  Ancient  Inn,''  might  be  brought  the  names  of 
many  prominent  men  who  have  stopped  tliere  for  a  meal,  as 
they  journeyed  by  stage  or  otherwise  between  our  Capitol  City 
and  the  City  of  Whalers  on  the  Sound.  I  have  heard  a  man 
who  saw  them  at  the  table  say  that  two  presidents,  Monroe  and 
Jackson,  have  stopped  there  to  dine.  One  day,  when  the  town 
officials  were  holding  a  session  at  my  father's  house,  word  came 
that  President  Jackson  was  "  having  dinner  at  the  tavern." 
One  moved  a  recess  and  a  short  call  on  the  President  of  the 
United  States  ;  another  objected,  saying  he  "  would  not  go  a 
rod  to  see  that  old  rascal."  Party  feeling  ran  high  in  those 
days.  Our  historian  says  that  Gen.  Washington  is  reported 
to  have  passed  through  this  town  on  his  way  from  Middletown 
to  Lebanon.  If  he  ever  did  he  would  have  received  as  royal 
a  welcome  as  once  on  a  solitary  ride  to  Lebanon.  "A  boy  who 
had  heard  that  General  Washington  was  to  pass  that  way  went 
out  to  meet  him,  as  he  supposed  at  the  head  of  his  army.  In- 
stead of  that,  he  met  a  man  alone  on  horseback,  of  whom  he 
inquired  if  General  Washington  was  coming.  The  general  re- 
plied '  I  am  the  man.'  In  astonishment  the  boy,  not  knowing 
what  to  do  or  say,  pulled  off  his  hat  and  with  great  violence 
threw  it  at  the  feet  of  the  horse,  running  back  at  the  same  time, 
at  full  speed,  and  crying  at  the  top  of  his  voice,  '  God  Al- 
mighty bless  your  Majesty! 

Of  the  eleven  pastors  mentioned  in  "  Historical  Notes  "  in 
the  Church  Manual,  that  of  the  Rev.  Hiram  Bell  is  the  first  of 
my  acquaintance,  an  estimable  man,  and  always  a  welcome 
guest  at  my  father's  house.  From  what  I  can  learn,  I  think 
that  his  immediate  predecessor,  Rev.  Chauncey  Lee,  D.D.,  who 
came  from  Colebrook,  Conn.,  was  the  most  distinguished  as  a 
preacher,  and  an  author  of  some  repute,  writing  theological 
books  and  school  books  —  an  arithmetic,  "  The  American  Ac- 
comptant,"  1797.  He  also  was  a  noted  wit,  which  quality  was 
often  used  to  good  advantage.  For  some  years  prior  to  his 
coming  here  a  flourishing  Bachelors'  Club  had  existed,  its  mem- 
bers belonging  in  this  and  surrounding  towns.  On  the  occa- 
sion of  their  annual  meeting  and  banciuet,  they  were  accustomed 
to  having  an  address  from  some  prominent  speaker.  Dr.  Lee 
was  invited  to  speak  at  what  proved  to  be  their  last  annual 


6o  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

meeting'.  For  this  occasion  he  wrote  a  poem,  which  was  so 
complete  in  its  description  of  the  lonely,  incomplete  life  of  a 
bachelor,  and  his  wit  was  so  incisive,  that  they  soon  disbanded, 
and  many  of  them  songht  comfort  in  matrimony.  I  can  recall 
only  two  lines,  and  am  now. unable  to  find  anyone  who  remem- 
bers more : 

And  these  bachelors,  they  have  no  heart  withhi, 
But  one  enormous  gizzard. 

Dr.  Lee  was  also  a  good  workman  with  edge  tools,  as  this 
specimen,  carved  by  him,  with  only  a  pocket  knife,  from  a  stick 
of  maple,  wall  testify.  He  made  it  while  boarding  with  my 
father,  and  gave  it  to  him.  The  clergy  have  no  use  for  such 
thing's  now,  so  I  will  tell  you  what  it  is,  if  you  will  not  tell  any- 
one.    It  is  a  toddy  stick  and  sugar  spoon  combined. 

At  the  time  of  the  boarding  of  Dr.  Lee  and  wife  at  my 
father's  house,  the  ministers  held  their  ministers'  meeting  there. 
He  set  the  decanters  and  glasses  on  a  sideboard,  as  was  the  cus- 
tom in  those  days.  The  last  time  he  set  them  on,  and  soon  after 
the  doors  were  closed  that  the  clergy  might  be  alone,  he  heard 
a  vigorous  pounding  on  the  table.  Entering  the  room  he  be- 
held the  reverend  moderator  standing  beside  the  table,  and, 
with  majestic  sweep  of  the  hand  and  solemn  tone,  exclaiming: 
"Capt.  Talcott,  take  these  things  hence,  take  them  hence,  and 
set  them  out  no  more  for  us." 

CHURCH    BUILDINGS. 

The  first  building  was,  to  my  youthful  eyes,  a  great  struct- 
ure—  two  stories  high,  nearly  square,  two  rows  of  large  win- 
dows of  many  small  lights,  with  a  false  semi-circular  window  in 
the  front  peak,  painted  black.  The  great,  round-topped  win- 
dow, about  in  the  center  on  the  north  side,  with  narrow  and 
shorter  windows,  one  on  each  side  and  close  to  it,  and  back  of 
the  high  pulpit,  gave  light  to  the  minister's  page,  cooled  his  back 
in  winter,  and  glared  with  blinding  effect  on  my  eyes,  as  we  sat 
directly  in  front,  and  looked  up  at  the  minister. 

Intentions  of  marriage  were  required  by  statute  law  to  be 
published  from  the  pulpit  Sundays  previous  to  the  mar- 

riage, or  by  notice  on  the  public  signpost  weeks  pre- 

vious. 


REMINISCENCES.  6l 

On  one  occasion  a  prominent  citizen  was  married  on  Sat- 
urday evening.  On  Sunday  he  introduced  his  new  wife  at 
church  to  the  people  as  he  met  them.  A  magistrate  notified 
the  groom  that  he  was  hable  to  prosecution  for  not  having 
compHed  with  the  law  in  giving  public  notice.  The  groom 
contended  that  he  had.  The  magistrate  was  finally  satisfied 
by  being  led  to  the  signpost  and  shown  the  notice,  which  was 
written  in  very  small  letters  on  white  paper,  and  pasted  on  to 
the  white  signpost  with  white  wafers.  It  had  escaped  all  ob- 
servation. 

There  were  large  double  doors  on  the  east,  south,  and  west 
sides.  The  exterior  gave  evidence  of  sometime  having  been 
painted  white.  There  was  no  steeple  and  no  bell.  The  ancient 
style  of  square  pew  was  in  use,  and  in  former  times  the  people 
were  seated  bv  a  committee  according  to  their  rank  and  dignity. 
(I  am  told  that  the  last  church  in  Xew  England  to  give  up 
that  custom  of  seating  was  in  Norfolk,  Conn.,  between  1870 
and  1876.)  Then  the  seniors  all  sat  below,  the  children  in  the 
galleries,  and  families  not  together.  These  galleries  extended 
around  the  three  sides  of  the  house.  The  good  people,  with 
proper  regard  for  their  feet,  brought  foot  stoves,  which  were 
filled  with  live  coals  from  the  houses  of  the  neighbors,  or  from 
the  big,  square  stove  at  the  west  end  of  the  house,  near  the  en- 
trance. I  can  now  almost  hear  the  clang  of  that  stove  door, 
as  it  opened  and  closed  when  they  wanted  more  hot  coals. 
There  being  no  chimney  when  the  house  was  built,  the  stove 
was  put  in  many  years  later,  and  the  pipe  was  carried  out 
through  the  window.  I  have  clear  recollections  of  having  to 
sit  near  the  wood-pile  one  winter,  and  how  my  ears  and  coat 
sleeves  were  warmed  by  the  paternal  squeeze  because  I  made 
too  much  noise  with  the  wood. 

For  some  years  after  the  frame  was  covered  the  attendants 
sat  on  benches  and  in  chairs.  The  plastering  and  square  pews 
and  galleries  were  added  as  the  people  prospered,  and  as  "  the 
first  shall  be  last  "  it  was  finished  by  laying  the  foundation 
stones  last,  replacing  the  temporary  walls  and  piers  on  which 
it  had  so  long  rested.  Begun  in  1749  and  finished  in  1803; 
fifty-four  years  in  building.  Herod's  Temple  was  forty-six 
years. 


62  MARLBOROUGH  CENTENNIAL. 

As  you  enter  the  room  beneath  this,  on  the  south  side,  you 
will  pass  through  the  same  door,  latch,  hinges,  and  all,  that 
served  at  the  entrance  on  the  south  side  of  the  old  house.  Win- 
dows from  the  old  house  admit  the  light ;  in  front,  the  desk 
and  paneled  railing  from  the  old  house ;  and  over  the  center, 
attached  to  the  ceiling,  the  bottom  of  the  ancient  sounding 
board,  which  served  to  send  the  preacher's  voice  down  into  the 
ears  of  the  hearers  instead  of  going  straight  upward,  out  of  the 
hearing  of  the  worshipers.  Around  the  room  on  the  sides,  be- 
low the  windows,  the  ancient  panel  work  or  wainscoting,  and 
through  the  room  supporting  the  floor  of  this,  the  posts  or 
pillars  which  supported  the  galleries  of  the  old  house. 

I  remember  my  father  insisting  that  the  lower  room,  or 
basement,  should  be  finished  with  material  from  the  old  house. 
He  did  not  wish  to  see  anything  new  in  it. 

This  building,  the  second  on  this  spot,  has  more  of  interest 
to  me  than  the  first  one,  because  of  my  father's  interest  in  it ; 
not  a  member  of  the  church,  but  an  active,  zealous  worker  in 
the  society.  Mr.  Truesdale,  the  builder,  spent  much  time  at 
my  father's  house,  working  and  consulting  with  him  on  the 
plans  and  specifications  for  it.  Such  was  his  activity  that  he 
seemed  to  me  to  be  the  chief  man  in  it. 

The  day  of  the  raising  of  the  frame  was  a  great  day  here, 
and  then  the  feast  for  the  workers  which  followed.  The  tables 
were  set  on  the  lawn  of  the  parsonage,  the  house  next  north 
of  the  old  burying  ground,  and  they  were  loaded  with  eatables, 
furnished  by  the  good  women  of  this  parish,  and  their  labors 
and  interest  in  the  whole  work  should  not  be  forgotten.  Such 
raisings  and  such  feasts  following  them  are  not  seen  now.  I 
have  a  faint  recollection  of  the  starting  of  my  father  and  others, 
with  their  teams,  for  Chicopee  to  bring  home  the  church  bell, 
which  was  to  notify  the  people  that  Pastor  Bell  was  ready  to 
proclaim  glad  tidings  to  all.  Also  the  arrival  home,  late  Sat- 
urday evening,  and  then  next  morning  going  out  to  the  great 
barn  to  see  the  doors  wide  open,  the  bell  suspended  by  rope 
and  tackle  from  the  timbers  overhead,  and  the  tolling  thereof, 
to  let  the  people  know  that  Marlborough  Church  had  a  bell ; 
and,  as  Thomas  Hood  said  when  a  death  occurred,  "  they  told 
the  sexton  and  the  sexton  tolled  the  bell." 


REMINISCENCES. 


63 


In  regard  to  the  old  edifice,  Rev.  Mr.  Bell,  in  "  Historic 
Notes,"  Church  Manual,  says  : 

The  old  house  having  become  cold,  uncomfortable,  and  unpleasant 
as  a  house  of  worship,  there  was  an  increasing  desire  for  several  years 
in  the  minds  of  a  great  part  of  the  society  to  erect  a  new  house.  But 
no  efificient  action  was  taken  in  reference  to  it  till  January,  1841,  when 
Captain  Moseley  Talcott  drew  up  a  subscription  paper,  and,  by  a  great 
and  praiseworthy  perseverance,  assisted  by  some  others,  amidst  many 
■discouragements,  was  successful  in  obtaining  subscriptions  sufficient  to 
warrant  the  undertaking. 

About  a  ye'ar  from  the  time  the  paper  was  circulated  the  new  edifice 
was  an  accomplished  fact,  at  an  approximate  cost  of  $2,600. 

It  was  dedicated  March  16,  1842. 

I  have  brought  with  me  today  the  original  contract  for  all 
above  the  basement  story,  of  date  April  9,  1841,  signed  by 
Augustus  Truesdale  on  the  one  part,  and  Moseley  Talcott, 
Wm.  Phelps,  Alvan  Northam,  Augustus  Blish,  and  E.  B. 
Watkinson,  society  committee,  of  the  other  part,  in  which  Mr. 
Truesdale  "  agrees  to  build  a  meeting  house,  on  the  site  of  the 
old  house,  or  within  two  rods  thereof,  according  to  the  an- 
nexed specifications,  for  $2,600.00,  to  be  completed  by  the  30th 
day  of  November  next." 

I  have  also  brought  with  me  my  father's  account  as  treas- 
urer of  the  building  committee,  which  gives  the  cost  of  this 
buildinsf : 


Truesdale   contract, 

Extra  work  on  the  dome,  tinning,  gilding,  etc.,  also  or 

other  parts  of  the  building, 
Furniture  and  carpet,  . 
Expenses   on   basement. 
Expenses   on   bell. 
Interest  on  cash  advanced  to  date, 
Loss  on  broken  bank  bill. 


$2,600.00 

105.78 
122.00 
621.03 

352.73 

30.00 

4.38 


$3,835.92 

RECEIPTS. 

Subscriptions    for   the    house, 

$2,607.68 

Lumber    sold,     . 

74-00 

Mortar, 

566 

Subscriptions  for  the  bell. 

365.00 

Ladies'   Sewing  Society, 

122.00 

Balance  to  be  provided  for,    . 

661.58 

$3,83592 


64  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

Which  account  was  audited  and  approved  by  the  building 
committee  October  19,  1842.  In  i860  the  entire  interior  was  re- 
modeled, gallery  closed  up,  and  as  I  look  up  to  where  the  gal- 
lery was.  I  miss  the  familiar  face  of  the  chorister,  David  Phelps, 
and  others.  Also  Sherman  C.  Lord,  with  his  big  bass  viol,  and 
the  jarring  of  the  seat  beneath  me.  as  he  played  on  the  low 
notes  and  struck  the  chord  of  the  woodwork  around.  I  still 
have  my  first  Xew  England  Primer,  given  me  when  I  was 
four  years  old,  my  name  written  on  the  front  cover  by  my 
father  in  a  plain,  round  hand,  and  remember  how  I  used  to 
look  at  the  picture  on  the  outside  of  the  cover,  of  a  church,  and 
a  family  of  father,  mother,  and  four  children,  book  in  hand, 
entering  the  church,  and  the  verse  printed  beneath  the  picture : 

When  to  the  House  of  God  we  go. 
To  hear  His  word  and  sing  His  love. 
We  ought  to  worship  Him  below 
As  saints  and  angels  do  above. 

And,  reading  it,  I  wondered  if  the  singers  in  the  loft  above  were 
the  "  saints  and  angels  "  referred  to. 

This  desk  and  platform  take  the  place  of  the  original  pul- 
pit and  table,  which  were  made  in  the  Doric  style,  painted 
white  and  marbleized.  One  of  my  schoolmates  said,  when  he 
first  saw  it,  "  The  white  paint  looks  as  if  it  had  been  smoked 
with  a  candle." 

I  was  glad  to  see  that  old  Doric  pulpit  in  the  room  below, 
this  morning". 


ADDRESS  BY  MR.  DAVID  SKINNER  BIGELOW, 
COLCHESTER. 


Brethren  and  Friends: 

Appropriate  words  to  use  in  addressing  this  gathering 
caused  some  hesitation  till  I  read  the  following  extract  from 
the  Chicago  Herald: 

During  eight  centuries  one's  direct  ancestors  amount  to  a  greater 
number  than  would  at  first  be  contemplated.  Three  generations  to  a 
century,  one  has  father  and  mother  (2),  grandparents  (4),  great-grand- 
parents (8).  At  the  end  of  the  second  century  the  number  of  ancestors 
springs  to  64.  Following  the  calculation,  you  will  find  that  at  the  end 
of  eight  centuries  one  is  descended  from  no  less  than  16,000,000  an- 
cestors. Intermarriages,  of  course,  would  reduce  this  estimate,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  it  must  have  largely  prevailed.  But  the  figures  are 
so  enormous  that,  in  spite  of  all,  a  writer  ventures  to  suggest  that  the 
words  "  all  3'e  are  brethren  "  are  literally  true. 

It  'is  really  pleasant  to  find  one's  self  in  the  company  of  the 
sons  and  daughters  of  those  who  lived  their  lives  on  the  hard 
and  narrow,  but  lofty,  lines  and  principles  of  pioneers,  patriots, 
and  Christians. 

The  first  settlers  of  Marlborough  were  clear,  cool,  consist- 
ent, stable  men,  of  mature  opinions,  of  large  and  fair  views. 
They  were  rare  men,  men  of  comprehensive,  exact,  liberal, 
regulated  minds. 

We  are  informed  that  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth 
centurv  more  strong-minded  men  came  to  the  legislature  from 
Marlborough  than  from  any  other  town  of  its  size  in  the  state. 

Some  of  the  first  settlers  were  Puritans,  and  had  all  the 
religious  earnestness  of  their  age.  Some  were  educated  men, 
graduates  of  Harvard  and  Yale,  and  stood  high  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  community,  as  regards  education,  talents,  and  in- 
tegrity. 

5 


66  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

An  ancient  writer  (perhaps  with  prophetic  ken  looking 
down  the  centuries)  describes  such  women  as  our  maternal 
ancestors  were  as  follows : 

A  worthy  woman  who  can  find?  For  her  price  is  far  above  rubies. 
The  heart  of  her  husband  trusteth  in  her,  and  he  shall  have  no  lack  of 
gain.  She  doeth  him  good,  and  not  evil,  all  the  days  of  her  life.  She 
seeketh  wool  and  flax,  and  worketh  willingly  with  her  hands.  She  is 
like  the  merchant  ships ;  she  bringeth  her  food  from  afar.  She  riseth 
also  while  it  is  yet  night,  and  giveth  food  to  her  household,  and  their 
task  to  her  maidens.  She  considereth  a  field,  and  buyeth  it ;  with  the 
fruit  of  her  hands  she  planteth  a  vineyard.  She  girdeth  her  loins  with 
strength,  and  maketh  strong  her  arms.  She  perceiveth  that  her  mer- 
chandize is  profitable ;  her  lamp  goeth  not  out  by  night.  She  layeth 
her  hands  to  the  distaff,  and  her  hands  hold  the  spindle.  She  spreadeth 
out  her  hand  to  the  poor;  yea,  she  reacheth  forth  her  hands  to  the  needy. 
She  is  not  afraid  of  the  snow  for  her  household,  for  all  of  her  house- 
hold are  clothed  with  scarlet.  She  maketh  for  herself  carpets  of  tapes- 
try ;  her  clothing  is  fine  linen  and  purple.  Her  husband  is  known  in  the 
gates,  when  he  sitteth  among  the  elders  of  the  land.  She  maketh  linen 
garments  and  selleth  them;  and  delivereth  girdles  unto  the  merchant. 
Strength  and  dignity  are  her  clothing;  and  she  laugheth  at  the  time  to 
come.  She  openeth  her  mouth  with  wisdom;  and  the  law  of  kindness 
is  on  her  tongue.  She  looketh  well  to  the  ways  of  her  household,  and 
eateth  not  the  bread  of  idleness.  Her  children  rise  up  and  call  her 
blessed;  her  husband,  also,  and  he  praiseth  her,  saying:  many  daugh- 
ters have  done  worthily,  but  thou  excellest  them  all.  Grace  is  deceitful, 
and  beauty  is  vain ;  but  a  woman  that  feareth  Jehovah,  she  shall  be 
praised.  Give  her  of  the  fruit  of  her  hands ;  and  let  her  works  praise 
her  in  the  gates. 

The  wheels  on  which  the  thread  and  yarn  were  spun,  the 
looms  in  which  the  linen  and  flannel  were  woven,  may  still  be 
found  in  many  homes,  more  highly  prized  as  heirlooms  and 
souvenirs  than  silver  or  gold. 

A  century  lies  between  us  and  the  times  of  the  noble  men 
and  women  of  1803  ;  but  that  century  is  well  bridged  by  two 
men  born  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century,  who  have 
been  efficient  helpers  in  making  that  century  more  remarkable 
than  any  other  for  the  progress  made  in  religion,  education, 
wealth,  science,  art.  literature,  invention,  and  today  honor  us 
by  their  presence  as  presiding  officers  of  this-  centennial  gather- 
ing. They  well  illustrate  a  remark  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes : 
"  The  best  time  to  commence  the  training  of  a  child  is  an 
hundred  vears  before  it  is  born." 


EARLY     SETTLERS     OF    THE     TOWN.  6/ 

A  distinguished  lawgiver  and  prophet  said :  "  The  days  of 
our  years  are  three-score  years  and  ten,  or  even  by  reason  of 
strength  fourscore  years ;  yet  is  their  pride  but  labor  and 
sorrow.''  It  is  our  exalted  privilege  to  see  two  notable  ex- 
ceptions to  this  remark,  and  hope  to  hear  from  them  words 
that  shall  be  "  like  apples  of  gold  in  network  of  silver." 

The  worthy  men  and  women  of  1803  have  gone  to  their 
rest,  and  their  descendants  are  now  scattered  widely  over  this 
broad  land.  Most  of  them  have  preserved  respectable  and 
useful  positions  in  their  several  communities,  and  some  have 
won  great  distinction.  We  lament  that  the  silence  of  oblivion 
buries  so  many  important  events  and  incidents  that  might 
prove  most  interesting  to  us  if  we  could  rescue  them  from  the 
past.  Many  useful  and  happy  lives  have  glided  tranquilly 
awav  leaving  little  trace  behind. 


Mr.  Bigelow  was  unable,  on  account  of  impaired  health,  to 
complete  his  genealogy  of  the  Skinner,  Lord,  and  Bigelow  fami- 
Hes,  but  it  is  hoped  they  may  be  completed  and  published,  with 
other  valuable  material  of  interest  to  the  town,  at  a  later  date. 


ADDRESS  BY  REV.  DR.  SAMUEL  HART, 

President  of  the  Connecticut  Historical  Society. 


It  is  a  pleasure  to  present  today  to  the  good  people  of  Marl- 
borough the  greetings  of  the  Connecticut  Historical  Society, 
and  to  assttre  them  of  the  interest  which  is  taken  in  this  com- 
memoration. The  recurrent  anniversaries,  as  they  have  been 
carefully  observed  of  late  years,  are  bringing  before  us  the 
history  of  the  several  parts  of  our  colony  and  state.  The  older 
towns,  with  their  quartermillennials,  those  which  followed  after, 
with  their  bicentennials,  and  others  yet,  like  your  town,  the 
separate  organization  of  which  dates  but  a  centttry  back  — 
each  in  its  place  is  helping  tis  to  understand  and  to  appre- 
ciate the  circumstances  of  the  life  of  former  days  and  to  know 
how  duty  was  learned  and  character  molded  in  the  days  of  our 
ancestors.  The  old  towns  began  the  state,  or,  as  some  would 
prefer  to  say,  began  with  the  state ;  and  then  one  after  another 
came  new  settlements,  until  the  whole  of  the  territory  was  occu- 
pied. This  was  the  work  of  early  days,  and  many  a  pleasant 
and  instructive  picture  of  it  has  been  drawn  as.  one  after 
anotlier,  the  towns  have  grown  to  be  two  centuries  or  two 
centuries  and  a  half  old.  This  town  was  formed  a  hundred 
years  ago,  but  the  three  towns,  in  three  different  counties, 
which  contributed  to  it,  had  already  seen  respectively  a  hun- 
dred and  thirteen,  a  hundred  and  two,  and  ninety-nine  years  of 
history.  The  new  settlement,  and  others  like  it,  witnessed  to 
neighborliness,  and  to  the  desire  for  more  ready  attendance  on 
the  worship  of  God,  for  better  school  privileges,  and  for  a 
reasonable  independence  in  civil  organization.  But  the  in- 
habitants did  not  seek  isolation ;  they  were  making,  with  the 
approval  and  by  the  authority  of  the  superior  government,  a 
new  unit  in  the  body  politic.  The  question  of  small  towns  as 
against    large   towns    (with    possibly    smaller    societies    within 


ADDRESS     AND     GREETINGS.  69 

them)  was  a  different  question  then  from  that  which  causes 
so  much  anxiety  to  thoughtful  men  now  ;  a  new  hfe  came  to 
3-our  forefathers  of  a  hundred  years  ago,  and  thev  adapted 
themselves  to  it ;  we  live  under  changed  circumstances,  and  we 
cannot  yet  tell  how  to  adapt  ourselves  to  an  order  of  things 
which  lias  not  found  its  lasting  shape.  But  it  is  fortunate 
that  we  may  be  interested  in  history  without  attempting  to  be 
prophets,  or  even  without  determining  how  or  when  historv 
shall  repeat  itself.  And  these  anniversaries  are  re-enacting 
history  before  our  eyes  and  recalling  it  to  our  memories  ;  they 
are  reminding  an  older  and  teaching  a  younger  generation,  or 
rather,  as  in  few  places  they  are  less  than  half  a  century  apart, 
they  are  teaching  in  dift'erent  ways  two  or  three  generations. 

Every  town  and  village  has  a  real  history,  with  a  real 
reason  for  it,  which  is  much  more  than  a  bare  record  of  annals 
or  of  the  succession  of  events.  To  the  knowledge  of  this  his- 
tory many  valuable  contributions  have  been  made  by  the  re- 
peated investigations,  the  discoveries  and  rediscoveries,  the 
rehearsings  and  re-rehearsings  of  events  and  facts.  But,  great 
as  is  the  importance  of  this,  the  cherishing  of  the  historic  spirit 
is  of  no  less  value.  What  was  done  in  New  Haven  by  Dr. 
Bacon,  in  Middletown  by  Dr.  Field,  in  Hartford  by  those  who 
wrote  for  Dr.  Trumbull,  and  in  Saybrook  and  Guilford  by 
local  historians,  and  what  has  been  done  in  preparation  for  this 
commemoration,  has  added  to  our  stores  of  historical  in- 
formation ;  but  besides  this,  and  as  a  valuable  result  of  this. 
it  has  added  to  our  intelligent  interest  in  affairs,  and  thus  to 
our  happiness.  We  may  well  expect  far-reaching  results  from 
what  is  said  and  done  here  today. 

But  to  attain  good  results  we  must  make  good  use  of  the 
means  which  lie  at  hand.  The  new  generation  should  be 
trained  to  a  full  acquaintance  with  places  and  boundaries,  with 
facts  and  traditions,  with  men  and  women,  and  should  be  taught 
to  search  for  the  traces  of  the  past  and  to  remember  them. 
And  we  must  have  thought  for  those  who  will  look  back  on 
this  anniversary  as  matter  of  history.  Nothing  can  be  of  more 
importance  in  our  case  for  those  who  are  to  come  after  us,  in 
matters  of  this  kind,  than  that  we  care  for  the  inscriptions  in 
our   burving   grounds,   and   that    we   leave   records,   carefully 


70  MARLBOROUGH  CENTENNIAL. 

made,  and  Avritten  with  permanent  ink  on  imperishable  paper ; 
and  if  one  looks  for  encouragement  or  for  warning  in  this 
latter  particular,  they  can  be  found  in  every  official  volume  of 
manuscript  and  on  every  signpost.  It  is  a  most  imperative 
duty  to  keep  and  to  guard  original  documents  ;  and  every  town 
or  village  library  should  make  it  a  duty,  and  a  willing  duty,  to 
preserve  everything,  however  insignificant,  which  can  in  any- 
way throw  light  on  historical  events,  no  matter  how  trivial 
they  seem  at  the  time,  or  on  manners  and  customs  which  mark 
the  life  of  the  day.  A  century  seems  a  long  time  when  com- 
pared with  the  average  length  of  human  life ;  but  a  century 
soon  passes  away.  We  turn  our  thoughts  to  the  organization 
of  this  town,  and  recall  the  men  of  three  generations  ago  ;  it  will 
not  be  long,  though  possibly  the  time  may  be  crowded  with  mo- 
mentous events,  before  we  shall  be  objects  of  antiquarian 
interest,  and  those  who  come  after  us  will  wonder  at  the  vestiges 
which  we  have  left. 

As  we  look  back  on  the  past,  or  forward  to  the  future,  in 
any  place  and  any  community,  we  cannot  but  recognize  the 
great  and  enduring  power  of  character.  It  sometimes  seems 
that  the  small  community  feels  more  quickly  and  holds  more 
tenaciously  to  this  influence  than  does  the  larger  community 
or  the  more  crowded  assemblage  of  men ;  certainly  where  there 
are  but  few,  and  each  man's  life  is  of  necessity  known  to  all  his 
neighbors,  the  value  of  character  and  the  influence  of  character 
cannot  but  make  themselves  felt,  and  therefore  they  impose  a 
great  responsibility. 

Xot  to  speak  of  other  considerations,  though  they  cannot 
but  come  to  the  mind  of  a  clergyman  in  a  place  of  public  wor- 
ship, it  is  the  duty  of  every  grown-up  man  and  woman,  for  the 
sake  of  the  community,  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  mainte- 
nance of  churches  and  schools,  to  foster  neighborliness,  to  see 
to  it  that  there  is,  both  in  themselves  and  in  younger  persons 
whom  they  can  influence,  an  intelligent  acquaintance  with  the 
affairs  of  the  world  and  a  respect  for  the  power  of  intelli- 
gence. There  are  great  possibilities  in  a  true  country  life ;  and 
may  the  time  never  cease  when  we  can  look  to  our  rural  com- 
munities for  examples  of  high  character  and  of  usefulness  to 
the  commonwealth ! 


INTRODUCTION    OF    HON.    JOHN    BIGELOW.  %t 

Mr.  William  H.  Richmond,  in  introducing  Mr.   Bigelow, 
said  : 

■  Our  distinguished  guest,  of  national  and  state  reputation, 
does  not,  I  believe,  claim  Marlborough  as  his  native  place,  but 
his  father  did,  and  in  early  life  migrated  to  the  state  of  New 
York  and  settled  at  Saugerties,  about  lOO  miles  up  the  Hudson 
River  from  the  city  of  New  York.  There  he  found  the  Esopus 
Dutch,  whose  ancestors  were  Hollanders,  and  commenced  a 
business  life  after  some  experience  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a 
successful  and  a  prominent  business  man,  affording  his  chil- 
dren the  best  opportunities  for  education,  and  this  son  was  in 
due  time  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1835.  He  studied  law, 
and  was  associated  with  some  of  the  most  noted  lawyers  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  and  early  became  known  as  a  writer  on  con- 
stitutional reform,  contributor  to  prominent  newspapers,  and 
holder  of  important  elective  and  appointive  offices  in  the  state, 
notedly  the  appointment  by  Governor  Silas  Wright  in  1844  as 
one  of  the  state  prison  inspectors.  The  third  annual  report 
showed  that  under  faithful  and  efficient  management  Sing 
Sing  prison  had  become  nearly  self-sustaining.  Mr.  Bigelow 
at  this  time  had  become  much  interested  in  political  affairs, 
and  about  1850  became  owner  with  the  late  William  Cullen 
Bryant  in  publishing  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  and  for  a- 
decade  or  more  that  journal  under  his  management  exerted 
great  influence  in  state  and  national  affairs,  and  does  at  this 
time. 

About  1861  or  1862  President  Lincoln  appointed  Mr.  Bige- 
low consul  to  Paris,  and  in  1865  he  succeeded  Hon.  William 
L.  Dayton  as  minister  plenipotentiary  to  the  empire  of  France. 
During  his  stay  abroad  his  pen  and  influence  were  always  active 
in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  United  States,  and  the  country 
gave  him  great  credit  by  honoring  him  in  many  ways.  When 
he  was  to  retire  from  his  diplomatic  charge  to  the  French 
government,  the  authorities  at  Paris  tendered  him  a  farewell 
dinner  at  the  Hotel  Grand,  and  this  honor  fell  to  him  as  the 
first  one  ever  paid  to  an  American  diplomat  at  any  court. 

Since  his  return,  after  spending  some  years  in  Germany 
and  other  continental  countries  in  about  1875,  Mr.  Bigelow  has 
been  active  in  state  affairs  and  in  literary  work,  publishing 


72  MARLBOROUGH    CENTENNIAL. 

many  works,  and  is  now  president  of  the  New  York  Public 
Library  Association,  to  which  the  bequests  of  Astor,  Lenox, 
and  Tilden  are  the  foundation.  The  most  elaborate  library 
building  is  now  being  erected  in  Bryant  Park,  Forty-second 
Street,  Xew  York,  which  when  completed  will  perhaps  excel 
in  appointments  the  L'nited  States  government  library  building 
at  Washington,  D.  C.  With  all  these  activities  and  honors, 
and  since  1817,  he  appears  before  you  as  one  who  is  able  and 
will  for  a  long  time  exert  his  activities  for  the  welfare  of  his 
country. 

It  gives  me  pleasure  to  present  Hon.  John  Bigelow  of  the 
citv  of  Xew  York. 


HON.  JOHN  BIGELOW. 


ADDRESS  BY  HON.  JOHN  BIGELOW, 
NEW  YORK. 


Air.  Bigelow  expressed  his  surprise  at  Air.  Richmond's 
introduction,  and  said : 

Fcllozi'  Citizens,  Friends,  Cousi)is,  Uncles,  Aunts,  Nieces,  etc.: 

When  I  read  a  few  days  since,  in  one  of  the  pubhc  prints, 
that  I  was  to  dehver  an  "  address  "  here  today,  I  was  re- 
minded of  an  incident  occurring  in  the  early  days  of  the  re- 
pubHc,  which  will  serve  in  a  measure  to  explain  my  present 
embarrassment. 

A  family  of  emigrants  from  the  East —  from  Alarlborough, 
for  aught  I  know,  for  Marlborough  seems,  like  Scotland,  to 
have  always  been  regarded  as  a  good  place  to  emigrate  from  — 
arrived  one  day  at  a  roadside  inn  on  their  way  in  quest  of  a 
new  home  in  the  virgin  soil  of  the  Great  West,  in  which  "  to 
grow  up  with  the  countrx."  While  the  only  effective  man  of 
the  party  was  preparing  dinner  for  his  horses,  the  keeper  of  the 
hostel  was  taking  an  inventory  of  the  contents  of  the  prairie 
schooner  which  the  horses  had  brought  to  his  door.  After 
noting  a  wife,  two  or  three  children,  bedding  for  the  crowd, 
agricultural  implements,  carpenters'  tools,  a  few  pieces  of  fur- 
niture, finally,  in  the  farthest  corner,  he  discovered  a  decrepit 
old  man  who  seemed  likely  to  reach  a  new  home  in  the  skies 
before  he  could  reach  one  in  the  wilderness  toward  which  he 
was  traveling.  \\'hen  the  pul^lican's  eyes  fell  on  hiiu,  he  ex- 
claimed to  the  driver  of  the  team : 

"  W^hat  on  airth  are  you  going  to  do  with  this  old  man  out 
in  the  per-ai-er-ie  ?  " 

"What,  that  old  man?"  was  the  reply;  "why,  he  is  our 
great  card ;  we  are  going  to  open  our  new  cemet'ry  with  him." 

I  suppose  any  of  you  can  appreciate  better  than  1  the  humor 
disguised  in  this  one  of  the  varieties  of  ways  in  which  an  old 
man  mav  be  made  useful  to  the  last. 


74  MARLBOROUGH  CENTENNIAL. 

Knowing-  as  we  all  do  what  an  address  is  understood  to 
signify  to  any  New  England  audience,  you  should  hardly  have 
expected  any  thing  of  that  sort  from  one  of  my  age.  Besides, 
we  are  not  assembled  today  to  open  a  new  cemetery,  for  you 
have  here  already  a  venerable  repository  for  the  dead  in  which 
are  reposing  the  mortal  remains  of  more  than  five  generations  of 
your  kinspeople  and  neighbors.  Instead  of  opening  a  new- 
cemetery,  we  are  here  today  to  open  that  old  one,  and  to  invite 
the  immortal  spirits  of  those  whose  mortal  remains  are  lying 
there,  to  be  with  us,  to  refresh  and  strengthen  us  by  the  remem- 
brance of  their  virtues,  and  of  the  numberless  communities  in 
all  quarters  of  the  globe  impregnated  by  their  example. 

These  revelations  will  be  delivered  to  you  by  the  various 
speakers,  whom  it  will  presently  be  my  privilege  to  introduce 
to  you.  Before  taking  my  seat,  however,  I  may  as  well  make 
what  little  farther  contribution  to  the  exercises  of  this  occasion 
can  reasonably  be  expected  from  one  not  to  the  manner  born. 
I  will  allow  myself  to  say  a  few  words  about  the  only  native  of 
Marlborough  I  can  pretend  to  have  ever  personally  known  since 
I  was  seven  or  eight  years  of  age,  until  a  few  hours  visit  here 
a  year  ago. 

My  father,  Asa  Bigelow,  was  born  in  this  town  on  the  i8th 
of  January,  1779,  and  died  on  the  12th  of  February,  1850,  at 
Maiden,  in  his  seventy-first  year.  On  the  18th  of  February. 
1802,  he  was  married  to  Lucy  Isham,  of  Colchester,  Conn.,  by 
the  Reverend  Salmon  Cone ;  she  in  her  twenty-second  and  he 
in  his  twenty-third  year. 

My  father  had  three  brothers  and  three  sisters.  Of  these, 
my  namesake,  John  D.,  who  lived  to  the  goodly  age  of  a 
century,  and  his  brother  Isaac,  lived  and  died  in  Marlborough. 
David  settled  in  Vermont  and  Erastus  in  Union  Village,  Wash- 
ington Co.,  New  York.  One  of  the  sisters  married  John 
Sears,  a  Baptist  clergyman,  and  moved  to  western  New  York ; 
the  other  two  sisters  were  settled  in  this  town  and  are  repre- 
sented here  today  by  their  offspring. 

My  father  soon  after  his  marriage  migrated  to  what  is  now 
known  as  the  town  of  Saugerties,  then  an  obscvu-e  village 
near  the  banks  of  the  Hudson  River,  on  what  was  known  in 
my  youth  as  the  Sawyers'  Creek,  where  to  a  general  country 


ADDRESS     BY     HON.     JOHN     BIGELOW.  75 

store  he  added  the  business  of  freighting  and  forwarding  the 
produce  of  the  neighborhood  to  New  York.  He  secured  the 
first  post-office  service  for  the  village  of  Saugerties,  and  was 
himself  its  first  postmaster.  He  was  appointed  by  President 
Jefferson. 

In  1808  he  joined  his  father-in-law,  Samuel  Isham,  in  pur- 
chasing 200  acres  of  land  lying  directly  on  the  Xorth  River, 
•for  which  they  paid  $6,000,  and  built  a  frame  store  on  it. 
Between  1807  and  181 1  he  sold  his  property  in  the  village  of 
Saugerties,  and  in  181 3  moved  with  his  family  on  to  his  new 
purchase,  and  practically,  with  his  father-in-law,  laid  the  foun- 
dations of  the  village  called  Bristol.  The  name  some  ten 
years  later  was  changed  to  Maiden,  when  on  application  for  a 
post-office  there  by  my  father  it  was  objected  that  there  was  a 
Bristol  office  in  our  state  already.  j\Iy  father's  clerk,  Mr. 
Calkins,  was  appointed  the  first  postmaster  in  Alalden,  by 
President  John  Quincy  Adams. 

In  Bristol  my  father  pursued  his  mercantile  and  forwarding 
business  in  partnership  with  his  father-in-law  until  i8r8,  when 
he  handed  that  business  over  to  his  father-in-law  and  his 
brothers-in-law,  Charles  and  Giles  Isham,  and  he  established 
himself  in  the  same  business  on  some  property  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  farther  north,  and  built  a  stone  store,  which  is  still  stand- 
ing, and  which  has  been  occupied  since  he  retired  from  business 
as  the  office  of  the  Bigelow  Blue  Stone  Company. 

His  motives  for  leaving  Saugerties  were  of  a  character 
which  perhaps  this  is  not  an  unsuitable  occasion  for  me  to  dwell 
upon  a  little. 

In  the  first  place,  the  Saugerties  Creek,  in  and  out  of  which 
his  sloops  had  to  pass,  was  very  much  obstructed  by  sand 
banks  that  were  always  changing.  The  modern  taste  for 
river  and  harbor  improvements  had  not  yet  been  developed 
at  Washington,  and  my  father  concluded  that  the  business  he 
was  trving  to  conduct  required  better  facilities  than  he  had, 
and  that  thev  were  to  be  found  on  the  banks  of  the  river  at 
Bristol,  where  the  water  was  always  deep  enough  for  the 
largest  river  boats.  But  it  is  doubtful  if  he  would  for  that 
motive  alone  have  abandoned  Saugerties. 

Between  the  years  1790  and  1800  Captain  Andrew  Brink 


']6  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

of  Saugerties  had  built  what  was,  for  those  days,  a  large 
sloop,  which  he  named,  after  a  favorite  sister,  the  Maria. 
The  captain's  father  had  many  years  before  established  a  scow 
ferry  across  the  river,  from  his  door  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Saugerties  Creek  to  Chancellor  Livingston's  house  nearly 
opposite  :  and  when  he  had  built  his  new  sloop  he  immediately 
secured  from  the  chancellor  the  transportation  of  the  products 
of  his  manor  to  market.  During  the  ten  years  that  Captain 
Brink  sailed  the  Maria,  Livingston  was  a  frequent  passenger. 
He  had  been  experimenting  with  steam  before  he  went  as 
minister  to  France  in  1801,  and  while  there  had  been  interested 
in  the  little  steamboat  that  Robert  Fulton  had  put  on  the  Seine 
in  1804,  but  which  had  broken  down.  The  men  became  very 
intimate,  and  Fulton  later  married  a  niece  of  the  chancellor. 
Thus  he  came  to  be  a  friend  and  welcome  guest  at  Clermont, 
the  home  of  Livingston.  In  the  cabin  of  the  Maria  the  chan- 
cellor and  Fulton  often  discussed  the  problem  of  steam  naviga- 
tion as  a  more  reliable  power  than  the  wind,  and  Captain  Brink, 
as  a  practical  navigator,  was  admitted  to  their  councils. 

It  was  finally  decided  that  they  should  make  a  new  attempt 
to  solve  the  problem  of  steam  navigation.  Livingston  was  to 
furnish  the  capital,  Fulton  was  to  obtain  from  Scotland  a  Watts 
engine  of  twenty  horse  power  with  a  copper  boiler,  and  direct 
the  construction  of  the  boat,  while  Brink  was  to  furnish  such 
practical  details  as  would  insure  the  kind  of  vessel  suited  to  the 
navigation  of  the  Hudson. 

The  latter  part  of  the  year  1806,  and  until  the  summer  of 
1807,  was-  occupied  by  the  contrivance  of  this  boat  and  the 
engines.  On  the  morning  of  the  3d  of  August,  1807,  and  only 
four  years  after  the  event  we  are  celebrating  today,  the  new 
boat  with  its  copper  boiler  bubbling  and  hissing  lay  at  a  pier 
in  the  North  River  —  a  long,  narrow  vessel  with  two  masts  for 
sails,  a  low  cabin  on  each  side  of  the  deck,  a  revolving  wheel 
on  either  side  with  ten  paddles,  uncovered.  On  the  pier  a 
jeering  crowd  of  spectators  were  exchanging  cheap  witticisms 
with  each  other  at  the  expense  of  Fulton  and  his  associates. 
When  the  order  came  to  start,  and  they  saw  the  wheels  begin 
to  turn  and  the  boat  to  move  away  up  the  river,  they  began  to 
realize  that  the  joke  was  neither  on  Fulton  nor  his  captain. 


ADDRESS     BY     HON.     JOHN     BIGELOW.  7/ 

Fulton's  boat,  named  the  Clermont,  after  the  chancellor's 
residence  on  the  Hudson,  left  New  York  at  one  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon  of  Monday,  August  3d,  and  reached  Clermont  at 
one  o'clock  on  Tuesday.  The  no  miles  had  been  covered  in 
just  twenty-four  hours. 

Fulton  went  ashore  to  spend  the  night  with  Livingston, 
while  Captain  Brink  went  to  his  father's  on  the  opposite  bank 
at  Saugerties  to  redeem  a  promise  he  had  made  his  wife.  She 
had  been  in  the  habit  of  laughing  at  his  enthusiasm  about  s  liling 
to  Albany  by  steam,  but  he  replied  to  her  that  he  would  soon  go 
to  Albany  in  command  of  a  steamboat,  and  stop  there  and  take 
her  along  with  him.  Her  reply  was :  "  When  I  see  vou  and 
Mr.  Fulton  driving  a  boat  with  a  tea-kettle  I  will  believe  it." 
The  captain  kept  his  promise,  and  took  his  wife  with  him  the 
next  day  to  Albany,  where  he  arrived  at  four  in  the  afternoon 
on  the  first  steamer  that  ever  vexed  the  waters  of  the  Hudson. 

In  October  of  that  year  the  Clermont  was  put  on  the  river 
as  a  regular  liner,  the  first,  I  believe,  in  the  world,  for  com- 
mercial purposes,  and  was  advertised  to  sail  from  Paulus' 
Hook  Ferry,  a  point  now  familiar  to  New  Yorkers  as  the  foot 
of  Courtland  Street. 

Benjamin  Mycr  Brink,  a  descendant  of  the  captain  of  the 
Maria,  has  now  in  his  possession  the  letter  in  which  Robert 
Fulton,  the  captain  of  the  Clermont,  gave  instructions  in  regard 
to  the  way  in  which  the  new  vessel  was  to  be  managed.  I  quote 
it  at  length  here,  both  for  its  peculiar  interest  and  because  I 
may  safely  assume  that  none  of  my  hearers  has  ever  seen  it. 

New  York,  Oct.  g,  1807. 
Capt.   Brink  ;  — 

Sir  —  Inclosed  is  the  number  of  voyages  which  is  intended  tlic  Boat 
should  run  this  season.  You  may  have  them  published  in  the  Albany 
papers. 

As  she  is  strongly  mann'd  and  every  one  except  Jackson  under  your 
command,  you  must  insist  on  each  one  doing  his  duty  or  turn  him  on 
shore  and  put  another  in  his  place.  Everything  must  be  kept  in  order, 
everything  in  its  place,  and  all  parts  of  the  Boat  scoured  and  clean.  It 
is  not  sufficient  to  tell  men  to  do  a  thing,  but  stand  over  them  and  make 
them  do  it.  One  pair  of  quick  and  good  eyes  is  worth  six  pair  of  hands 
in  a  commander.  If  the  Boat  is  dirty  and  out  of  order  the  fault  shall 
be  yours.  Let  no  man  be  Idle  when  there  is  the  least  thing  to  do  and 
make  them  move  quick. 


78  MARLBOROUGH  CENTENNIAL. 

Run  no  risques  of  any  kind  when  you  meet  or  overtake  vessels  beat- 
ing or  crossing  your  way.  Always  run  under  their  stern  if  there  be  the 
least  doubt  that  you  cannot  clear  their  head  by  50  yards  or  more.  Give 
in  the  accounts  of  Receipts  and  expenses  every  week  to  the  Chancellor. 
Your  Most  Obedient 

Robt.  Fulton. 

My  only  excuse  for  dwelling  at  such  length  upon  an  event, 
memorable  as  it  was,  which  has  no  apparent  connection  with 
Marlborough,  is  to  do  justice  to  the  sagacity  and  foresight  of 
my  father,  in  transferring  his  business  interests  and  household 
goods  to  Bristol  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson,  where  he  se- 
cured a  deep-water  harbor,  within  a  year  after  the  Clermont 
had  demonstrated  to  the  world  that  steam  and  not  wind  was 
the  Neptune  which  future  navigators  were  destined  to  wor- 
ship, and  that  for  his  business  he  nuist  be  established  where 
the  steamers  could  land  at  his  wharfs,  which  they  soon  did 
and  continued  to  do  while  he  remained  in  business. 

My  father  and  the  Ishams  brought  with  them  to  Bristol  a 
fair  proportion  of  the  habits,  the  tastes,  and  the  principles 
which  in  those  days  were  rather  peculiar  to  New  England. 
They  regarded  the  schoolhouse  and  the  ''  meeting-house  "  and 
the  Christian  Sabbath,  religiously  discriminated  by  its  use 
from  other  days  of  the  week,  as  among  the  first  necessities  in 
a  new  settlement.  They  built  the  first  schoolhouse  in  Bristol, 
to  which  I  owe  decidedly  the  best  part  of  my  earlier  edtication, 
though  I  subseqtiently  had  the  advantages  of  a  high  school  and 
two  colleges. 

The  country  about  Bristol  had  been  settled  by  a  Palatine 
colony  from  Holland.  Early  in  the  i8th  century,  and  when 
my  father  settled  there,  low  Dutch  was  the  prevailing  lan- 
guage in  use.  The  nearest  church  to  Bristol  was  at  Katsban, 
nearly  two  miles  distant,  and  was  the  first  house  of  worship 
that  I  can  remember  to  have  ever  entered.  It  was  built  of 
stone,  was  then  over  a  hundred  years  old,  and  is  still  standing 
and  used  as  a  place  of  worship.  The  pastor,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Ostrander,  was  a  Lutheran,  and  preached  usually  in  Dutch, 
and  every  other  Sunday  in  English. 

As  my  parents  and  the  Lshams  were  all  trained  in  the 
Presbyterian  communion,  they  were  not  entirely  satisfied  with 
Dominie  Ostrander's  theology,  and  still  less  with  the  necessity 


ADDRESS     BY     HON.     JOHN     BIGELOW.  79 

of  traveling-  two  miles  to  enjoy  it.  It  was  not  many  years 
before  they  put  their  heads  and  purses  together  and  built  a  very 
pretty  church  and  parsonage.  To  this  my  father  added  an 
academy,  which  he  placed  in  charge  of  a  teacher  also  imported 
from  Connecticut. 

]\[y  father  was  about  six  feet  two  inches  high,  of  unusual 
strength,  and  of  exemplary  habits.  As  early  as  1824  he  united 
with  his  brothers-in-law  in  discontinuing  the  sale  of  intoxicat- 
ing beverages  at  their  stores  or  offering  them  to  their  guests. 
At  the  same  time  they  organized  the  first  temperance  society, 
I  believe,  in  the  count}-.  How  much  this  movement  dimin- 
ished intemperance  in  the  county  of  Ulster  I  cannot  sav,  but 
it  certainly  did  protect  the  younger  generation  of  our  village 
irom  the  temptations  to  intemperance  and  its  incidents  to  a 
remarkable  degree. 

I  visited  Marlborough  twice  while  in  my  teens,  the  first 
time  with  both  my  parents  and  the  second  time  with  my  father 
alone,  though  I  then  met  no  one  who,  otherwise  than  in  the 
spirit,  can  be  with  us  today. 


ADDRESS  BY  HON.  WILLIAM  H.   RICHMOND, 
OF  SCRANTON,  PA. 


Ladies  and  Gciitleiucii,  Fcllozc  Citi::cns,  and  Guests  of  Marl- 
borough: 

In  speaking  to  yon  I  can  with  propriety  say  fellow  citizens, 
as  I  was  born  in  this  town  in  1821,  but  have  been  a  citizen  of 
Pennsylvania  more  than  sixty  years,  occasionally  coming  Iwre. 
My  father  was  William  Wadsworth  Richmond,  son  of  John 
Richmond,  who  was  born  in  West  Brookfield,  Mass.,  in  1767, 
and  was  married  to  Prudence  Wadsworth  of  East  Hartford, 
sixth  in  lineal  descent  from  William  Wadsworth,  who  came 
to  Hartford  with  Rev.  Hooker  and  the  first  settlers.  They 
were  married  in  1795,  and  the  same  year  settled  in  the  parish 
of  East  Hampton,  Conn. ;  and  Dr.  Richmond  was  the  only  phy- 
sician in  a  district  of  some  eight  to  ten  miles  in  area. 

The  house  where  he  lived,  and  died  in  1821,  is  now  stand- 
ing, just  at  the  right  of  the  Congregational  Church  in  East 
Hampton,  and  now  appears  the  same  as  when  I  was  a  lad,  with 
the  exception  of  a  veranda  on  the  front.  The  house,  with 
some  alterations,  where  Dr.  Field  resides,  some  500  feet  dis- 
tant, is  the  one  located  on  the  farm  of  my  maternal  grandfather, 
Nathaniel  Bailey,  who  was  married  to  Rachael  Sears.  Na- 
thaniel Bailey  was  the  son  of  Joshua  Bailey  and  Ann  Foote, 
the  latter  of  the  seventh  generation  from  Nathaniel  Foote,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  about  1636.  My 
father,  soon  after  his  marriage  in  18 19,  settled  in  Marlborough, 
as  a  patron  of  Esq.  Joel  Foote,  and  resided  in  a  cottage  long 
since  gone,  which  stood  at  the  junction  of  the  New  London 
and  Hartford  turnpike  where  it  crossed  the  north  branch  of 
Salmon  River. 

^ly  father  was  a  blacksmith,  and  his  shops  were  connected 
with  a  factory  for  making  wagons,  window  blinds,  and  other 


HON.  WILLIAM    H.  RICHMOND. 


ADDRESS     BY     HON.     WILLIAM     H.     RICHMOND.  01 

articles.  This  factory  was  managed  b}'  two  men  by  the  name 
of  Manwarring.  These  shops  were  located  just  below  the  saw- 
fulling  mills  and  cloth-dressing  factory  of  Joel  Foote,  and  the 
water  power  derived  from  the  same  mill-dam. 

About  1825  or  1826,  my  father,  believing  the  location  more 
central,  moved  to  what  was  called  the  Dean  Farm,  about  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  below  this  church.  The  house  is  now  gone, 
and  a  smaller  one  is  built  on  a  part  of  the  foundation,  which 
stands  on  the  old  town  road  just  beyond  the  junction  with  the 
turnpike  where  Mr.  Lord  now  resides. 

About  this  time  David  Kellogg  was  associated  in  business 
with  my  father,  under  the  firm  name  of  Richmond  &  Kellogg. 
They  acquired  the  farms  of  Mr.  Kellogg's  father,  near  Jones 
Street,  and  had  a  foundry  wath  blacksmithing  shops.  Part  of 
this  foundry  is  now  standing,  back  from  the  road  at  the  foot 
of  this  hill,  and  it  obtained  its  water  power  by  impounding  the 
water  of  the  small  stream  that  crosses  the  road  at  the  foot  of 
this  hill  where  we  now  are. 

I  remember  that  in  1831  or  1832  they  had  a  contract  with 
the  late  Mr.  Charles  Parker  of  Meriden,  Conn.,  a  prominent 
manufacturer,  to  make  a  quantity  of  castings  for  cofl:'ee  mills, 
and  I  once  went  with  Mr.  Kellogg,  who  managed  the  farms, 
lumber,  and  transportation  part  of  the  business,  to  Meriden, 
some  twenty-five  miles,  when  we  had  four  pairs  of  cattle  before 
a  large  wagon  loaded  with  castings,  and  wdien  we  returned, 
purchased  pig  iron  at  ]\Jiddletown  to  bring  home.  This  was 
a  journey  of  a  week,  and  the  longest  in  my  history  at  that  time. 
About  this  date  Marlborough  was  in  a  healthy  and  prosperous 
condition  as  to  business  in  general :  two  or  three  four-horse 
post-coaches  arriving  each  day  at  the  hotel,  to  change  teams  on 
the  way  to  New  London  and  Hartford  with  United  States 
mails  east  and  west ;  two  cotton  mills,  among  the  first  in  this 
country,  in  operation,  I  think,  as  early  as  1810  to  1820;  one 
principal  gunmaking  factory  that  employed  many  hands,  and 
some'  smaller  shops  tributary  to  the  larger.  The  principal 
owner  of  the  gun  factory  was  Col.  Elisha  Buell,  who  for  many 
years  had  been  proprietor  of  the  hotel  where  our  friend  Miss 
Hall  now  has  her  summer  home.  Mr.  Buell's  son.  Gen.  Enos 
H.  Buell,  succeeded  him  about  1825  or  1830,  for  some  years, 
6 


82  MARLBOROUGH     CExNTENNIAL. 

and  afterwards  dififerent  persons,  whom  I  could  name,  suc- 
ceeded him  as  late  as  1850. 

Col.  Elisha  Buell  was  the  first  postmaster  I  can  remember, 
and  the  office  came  down  in  his  family,  and  remained  in  it  up 
to  the  death  of  the  daughter  of  Gen.  Enos  H.  Buell,  Mrs. 
Edwin  Warner,  which  occurred  about  five  years  ago.  General 
Buell  and  others,  about  1830  to  1835,  were  often  engaged  in 
buying  horses  and  shipping  them  at  Xew  London  to  the  West 
Indies  and  other  places.  Droves  of  cattle  and  sheep  used  to 
pass  through  the  town,  and  their  owners  would  buy  such  as 
w^ere  offered  for  sale.  The  ship  timber,  oak  and  hickory  wood, 
that  was  hauled  over  the  Middletown  and  Hebron  turnpike  to 
Middle  Haddam  up  to  and  some  time  after  1837,  brought 
back  to  Marlborough  large  sums  of  money,  as  previous  to  this 
date  there  were  two  shipyards  at  Aliddle  Haddam  and  a  number 
of  vessels  built  every  year,  some  quite  large  ones.  A  large 
amount  of  wood  and  chestnut  rails  were  shipped  to  the  city  of 
New  York  and  Long  Island,  which  about  1835  h^<i  ^  popula- 
tion of  over  200,000  dependent  on  wood  for  all  heating  pur- 
poses. The  price  of  oak  and  hickory  wood  used  to  be  six  to 
seven  dollars  a  cord  on  dock  at  ]\Iiddle  Haddam,  and  by  the 
time  it  was  placed  before  the  door  of  the  Xew  Yorker,  and 
sawed  and  split  to  proper  sizes  to  use,  it  cost  him  twelve  dol- 
lars or  more  per  cord,  and  it  is  counted  as  taking  two  cords,  or 
256  cubic  feet,  of  wood  to  supply  the  number  of  heat  units  of  a 
ton  of  anthracite  coal.  Notwithstanding,  now  when  the  people 
of  New  York  and  others  can  have  a  ton  of  anthracite  coal  put 
in  their  coalbins  for  five  or  six  dollars,  they,  through  the  news- 
papers, abuse  the  hardworking  coal  operators  and  producers, 
who  expend  large  amounts  of  money  in  opening  coal  mines, 
building  coal  breakers  and  railroads  to  produce  the  coal,  and 
call  them  by  the  euphonious  name  "  Coal  Barons." 

A  few  months  ago  a  large  amount  of  enterprise  was  ex- 
pended in  telling  the  public  how  greatly  the  country  was  suffer- 
ing by  reason  of  the  hard  lot  of  the  miners  and  laborers  of  the 
anthracite  coal  districts.  ]\Iany  of  the  miners  in  the  Wyoming 
and  Lackawanna  fields  own  their  own  homes,  as  a  result  of 
their  prudence,  good  habits,  and  industry,  and  were  able  to  live 
six  months  while  the  anthracite  coal  interests  were  idle  and 


ADDRESS     BY     HON.     WILLIAM     H.     RICHMOND.  83 

unproductive.  Since  production  has  been  resumed,  all  users  of 
anthracite  are  quite  willing  to  put  in  their  coal  early  in  the 
season,  and  the  result  has  been  that  coal  at  the  rate  of  sixty 
millions  per  annum  has  been  produced  this  summer  and  about 
three  times  the  usual  quantity  in  the  summer  season. 

It  was  at  Carbondale,  Ea.,  in  the  year  1829,  that  the  Dela- 
ware &  Hudson  Canal  Co.  began  mining  anthracite  coal.  The 
amount  mined  in  that  year  was  7,000  tons.  From  Carbondale 
it  was  shipped  over  the  gravity  railroad  sixteen  miles  to  Hones- 
dale,  then  by  canal  one  hundred  and  eight  miles  to  the  Hudson 
River. 

When  I  went  to  Pennsylvania  in  1842,  the  amount  of  coal 
mined  at  Carbondale  had  reached  200,000  tons.  Up  to  this 
date  the  whole  production  of  anthracite  in  Schuylkill,  Lehigh, 
and  Wyoming  coal  fields  amounted  to  some  eleven  hundred 
thousand  tons.  Now  we  are  producing  from  these  same  fields 
at  the  rate  of  sixty  million  tons  per  annum.  The  coal-mine 
owner  after  sending  a  ton  of  coal  from  his  land  a  hundred  or 
a  thousand  feet  or  more  under  the  same  surface  cannot  get 
another  ton  from  the  same  space ;  what  he  has  left  is  a  vacuum. 
But  the  tiller  of  the  soil  can  get  crop  after  crop  with  proper 
culture. 

Before  1850  or  i860  little  bituminous  or  soft  coal  had  been 
mined,  and  its  value  was  little  known  ;  now  that  is  being  mined 
and  used  to  the  amount  of  160,000,000  or  170,000,000  tons  per 
annum,  and  we  mine  the  most  coal  of  any  nation.  Marl- 
borough, although  she  has  no  minerals  that  have  been  worked 
at  a  profit,  has  a  very  substantial  base,  as  is  shown  and  seen 
by  all  travelers.  She  has  much  good  productive  soil,  and  in 
the  early  part  of  the  last  century  the  town  was  noted  as  pro- 
ductive in  agriculture.  At  this  day,  if  her  people  would  follow 
the  habits  of  industry  of  the  early  days,  the  fields  here  could 
be  made  to  produce  largely. 

Not  long  after  1830  it  was  thought  that  this  country  had 
established  the  cotton  manufacturing  interests  on  a  solid  basis. 
The  subject  of  silk  manufacturing  was  introduced,  and  with  the 
view,  I  suppose,  of  being  entirely  independent  of  France  and 
other  continental  countries  —  the  silk  worm  and  the  mulberry 
tree  on  which  it  feeds  were  introduced.     I  believe  Connecticut 


84  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

and  New  Jersey  were  most  interested  of  any  of  the  states,  and 
many  people  of  these  states  were  engaged  in  raising  a  species 
of  mulberry  {Monis  iniilficaiilis)  for  feeding  the  worm  to 
produce  silk,  and  with  the  view  of  producing  the  silks  needed 
by  this  countr}-. 

The  raising  and  speculating  in  these  midberrv  trees,  which 
in  two  or  three  years'  growth  attained  a  height  of  six  or  eight 
feet  or  more,  with  large  leaves,  on  which  the  worm  could  be 
fed  and  make  the  cocoon  from  which  the  silk  was  reeled,  had 
become  wonderfully  attractive  and  speculative,  so  that  in  1837, 
when  President  Andrew  Jackson  caused  the  deposits  to  be  re- 
moved from  the  United  States  Bank,  a  most  severe  panic  came 
to  the  country.  Persons  who  had  fortunes  made,  as  supposed, 
in  the  production  of  the  mulberry  tree,  and  in  silk  manufactur- 
ing, were  prostrated  financially,  and  there  was  no  revival  until 
after  the  Henry  Clay  protective  tariff  bill,  passed  in  the  Con- 
gress of  1 841 -2.  Not  till  then  did  the  people  of  this  country 
take  courage  and  hope  for  more  prosperous  times,  which  came 
slowly  from  this  time,  and  there  was  no  very  severe  panic  again 
until  1857.  My  father  suffered  financial  reverses  by  reason  of 
the  mulberry  speculations  and  other  causes,  from  which  he 
never  recovered.     He  died  early  in  1843. 

After  a  time  the  silk  industry  was  revived  in  this  state,  and 
you  have  now  the  Cheney  Manufacturing  Co.,  the  largest  in  the 
country,  which  dates  back  to  the  earliest  days  of  the  business  ; 
and  I  am  told  that  through  their  friendly  interest  in  this  cele- 
bration w^e  witness  their  courtesies  in  the  beautiful  display  of 
drapery  in  this  church.  Now  this  country  is  producing  silks 
to  the  amount  of  fifty  to  sixty  million  dollars  per  annum,  and, 
I  believe,  more  than  half  the  quantity  consumed. 

Fifty  years  ago,  or  more,  it  was  said  of  the  Connecticut 
Yankee  that  you  would  find  him  traveling  anywhere  in  the 
known  world,  and  if  not  peddling  clocks,  he  was  soliciting 
subscriptions  to  very  instructive,  useful  books ;  no  book  of 
doubtful  teachings,  for  he  had  been  taught  in  his  early  days  to 
read  the  Bible  in  the  public  schools,  as  children  should  be  in 
this  age.  If  you  did  not  want  his  book  he  would  just  as  soon 
trade  jackknives  with  you,  if  yours  had  a  more  elegant  and 
tasty  handle.     Should  he  happen  to  have  in  view  the  selection 


ADDRESS     BY     HON.     WILLIAM     H.     RICHMOND.  55 

of  a  wife,  the  first  idea  or  inquiry  would  be :  "  Is  she  hand- 
some? Is  she  a  good  cook?"  He  would  not  make  the  in- 
quiry to  learn  if  she  had  a  good  bank  account,  and  interest 
money  enough  coming  to  supply  wood  for  the  kitchen  fire. 
No,  he  could  supply  the  wood  and  do  the  milking,  unless  he 
had  to  go  to  the  war,  or  had  some  urgent  project  he  nu:st 
follow. 

Connecticut,  though  one  of  the  smallest  states  in  area  in  the 
Union,  has  produced  a  large  share  of  men  who  have  gained 
prominence  in  affairs  of  the  country,  and,  when  we  follow  the 
migration  west,  it  is  found  the  important  public  improvements 
have  been  promoted  and  guided  by  men  from  this  state.  Not- 
ably northeastern  Pennsylvania,  the  mining,  iron,  and  steel 
interests,  and  the  building  of  railroads,  all  have  had  the  benefit 
of  capital  and  of  the  experience  of  men  from  the  eastern  states. 
A  family  of  three  or  four  sons,  by  name  of  Phelps,  from  Sims- 
bury,  Conn.,  were  early  in  that  section ;  one,  John  Jay  Phelps, 
who,  in  1840  or  earlier,  associated  with  Amos  R.  Eno,  formerly 
from  Simsburv,  or  near  there,  was  among  the  noted  wholesale 
drygoods  merchants  of  the  city  of  Ne^v  York.  Mr.  Phelps  (p  5 
retiring  as  early  as  1845,  with  William  E.  Dodge  and  others, 
the  late  ]\toses  Taylor,  and  the  Scrantons  from  Connecticut;  C>  T 
Col.  George  Seldon,  Joseph  H.  and  Mr.  William  Henry,  were  ^ 
the  men  who  developed  the  iron,  steel,  and  coal  interests  about 
Scranton,  Pa.,  and  built  the  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad. 

Later  comes  J.  P.  ^lorgan.  born  in  Hartford,  who  in  the 
last  two  decades  has  led  in  many  financial  undertakings  of  note 
as  projector  and  underwriter,  and  the  formation  of  a  trust  with 
capital  of  a  billion  or  two  dollars  seems  of  small  account  to 
him.  I  suppose  if  some  of  his  friends  in  the  British  Islands 
should  suggest  the  combination  of  a  trust  including  the  busi- 
ness of  those  islands  and  Continental  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa, 
he  would  undertake  to  underwrite  the  company,  if  they  would 
exclude  the  Turkish  Empire. 

It  has  been  intimated  in  the  past  that  Marlborough  was  be- 
coming a  slow  town,  but  surely  if  any  such  sentiment  has  gone 
abroad  it  will  soon  be  corrected,  for  here  this  day  the  good 
people  are  celebrating  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
organization  of  the  town,  a  full  week  ahead  of  that  western 


86  MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 

city,  Chicago,  which  is  counted  the  fast  city  of  the  repubHc, 
and  whose  people  are  now  just  getting  together  a  fund  of  a 
hundred  thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  celebrating  their 
hundredth  anniversary  on  September  ist. 

Surely  the  visitors  and  inhabitants  of  this  town  are  to  be 
congratulated  for  the  bountiful  care  in  everything  pertaining 
to  this  anniversary,  and  the  history  that  will  be  recorded  and 
go  to  the  generations  that  follow  us.  it  is  to  be  hoped,  will  be 
for  the  welfare  of  all  and  will  be  cherished  bv  all. 


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ETccles  idkst  ical 
VOL  TZIL. 


APPENDIX. 


Anno  Rcgni  Regis  Gcorgii  sccnndi  dccinw-nono. 

At  a  General  Assembly  holden  at  New  Haven  ix  His 
Majesties  English  Colony  of  Connecticut  in  New 
England  in  America,  on  the  second  Thursday  of 
October,  (being  the  ioth  day  of  said  month,)  and 
continued  by  several  adjournments  until  the  25TH 
day  of  the  same  month,  Annooue  Domini  1745.  the 
FOLLOWING  Resolution  was  passed  : 

Upon  the  memorial  of  Samuel  Btiel,  Abraham  Skinner  and 
sundry  other  persons,  of  whom  some  live  towards  the  south- 
eastern parts  of  the  parish  of  Eastberry,  some  on  the  western 
parts  of  Hebron,  and  others  on  some  parts  of  the  first  and 
third  societies  in  Colchester  nearest  adjoyning  to  said  parts  of 
Eastberry  and  Hebron,  representing  that  it  is  convenient  and 
needful  for  them  to  be  united  together  so  as  to  become  a  dis- 
tinct parish,  and  praying  a  committee  to  view  and  report  their 
circumstances,  &c. : 

Resolved  by  this  Assembly,  that  Roger  W'olcott  junr,  Esqr, 
Mr.  Daniel  Bissell,  of  Windsor,  and  Mr.  Hezekiah  May,  of 
Weathersfield,  be  and  they  hereby  are  appointed,  impowered 
and  directed,  to  repair  to  and  upon  the  places  situated  as  above- 
said  and  inhabited  by  the  memorialists,  and  give  legal  notice  to 
all  persons  concerned,  and  upon  due  hearing  all  parties  or  per- 
sons therein  interested,  and  enquiry  into  their  circumstances, 
to  make  report  on  the  premises  to  this  Assembly  at  their  ses- 
sions at  Hartford  in  May  next. 

Colonial  Records  of  Connecticut,  Vol.  IX,  Page  180. 


88  marlborough    centennial. 

At  a  General  Assembly  holden  at  Hartford  in  the 
County  of  Hartford  in  His  Majesties  English  Col- 
ony OF  Connecticut  in  Xew  England  in  America,  on 
THE  second  Thursday  of  ]\Iay,  being  the  14TH  day  of 
said  month,  and  continued  by  several  adjournments 
until  the  5TH  day  of  June  next  following.  Anno 
Regni  Regis  Georgii  Secundi  ]\Iagn-e  Britannij5  &c. 
vigessimo,  axnooue  domini  1/4/,  the  following 
Resolution  was  passed: 

Upon  the  memorial  of  Epaphras  Lord,  Esqr,  \\'illiam  Buel 
and  others,  representing  that  they  belonged  some  to  the  tirst 
society  in  Colchester,  some  within  the  town  of  Hebron,  some 
within  the  second  society  in  Glassenbury,  and  some  of  them 
within  the  third  society  in  said  Colchester,  and  that  they  lived 
at  a  great  distance  from  the  several  places  of  publick  worship 
where  they  respectively  belong ;  and  praying  to  be  made  a  dis- 
tinct ecclesiastical  society,  and  to  have  bounds  and  limits 
according  to  a  certain  plan  and  report  of  ^Messrs.  Roger  W'ol- 
cott  junr,  Esqr,  ]\Ir.  Daniel  Bissell  and  Hezekiah  May,  who 
were  appointed  a  committee  to  view  the  circumstances  of  the 
memorialists,  &c. ;  which  bounds  and  limits  are  as  follows,  c/.c; 
Beginning  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Midletown  bounds,  and 
from  thence  a  line  drawn  northerly  to  the  northwest  corner  of 
David  Dickinson's  land  in  Eastberry,  and  from  thence  eastward 
to  the  northwest  corner  of  a  lot  of  land  on  which  Daniel  Cham- 
berlain's barn  stands,  and  from  thence  to  run  near  east  on  th' 
north  side  of  said  Chamberlain's  land  until  it  meet  with  Hebron 
west  line,  and  from  thence  southerly  to  the  northwest  corner 
of  a  farm  of  land  on  which  the  widow  Lucy  Talcott  now  dwells, 
and  from  thence  a  straight  line  to  the  road  at  Daniel  Root's, 
and  from  thence  on  a  straight  line  to  the  riding  place  over  Fawn 
Brook,  being  at  the  northeast  corner  of  the  land  of  Joseph 
Phelps  junr,  and  from  thence  southerly  as  the  brook  runs  until 
it  comes  to  the  riding  place  passing  from  Joseph  Kellogg's 
over  said  brook  to  the  Pine  Hill,  and  from  thence  a  straight 
line  to  Mr.  John  Adams's  farm  to  the  southeast  corner  by  the 
country  road,  including  said  farm,  and  from  the  most  southerly 
part  of  said  farm  a  west  line  to  Midletown  east  bounds,  then 


APPENDIX.  89 

northerly  by  Midletown  line  to  the  first-mentioned  corner : 
Resolved  by  this  Assembly,  that  the  memorialists  and  all  such 
as  do  or  shall  live  within  the  bounds  and  limits  above  described 
shall  be  a  distinct  ecclesiastical  society,  with  powers  and  privi- 
leges as  other  ecclesiastical  societies  in  this  Colony  are  invested 
with,  and  the  same  shall  be  known  and  distinguished  by  the 
name  of  ^Marlborough.  And  all  those  inhabitants  within  the 
aforesaid  limits  that  are  within  the  bounds  of  Eastbury  shall 
contribute  their  several  proportions  of  parish  charges  in  said 
Eastbury  for  the  space  of  four  years  next  ensuing. 

Colonial    Records    of    Connecticut,    1/4^-1 /jo,    Vol.    IX, 
Pages  303-304- 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Congregational  Church  Centennial  Day,        .        .        Facing  p.    7 

Rev.  Joel  Ives, "       p.  11 

First   and   Second    Petitions   for   Incorporation    of 

Ecclesiastical   Society, "       P-  I5 

Plan  of  Marlborough   Society  as   Incorporated  in 

1747,  

Speakers'  Centennial  Day, 

Marlborough  Inn  or  Tavern, 

Diagram   Showing  the  Evolution  of  the  Town  of 

Marlborough,  

Portrait  Hon.  John  Bigelow, 

Portrait  Hon.  Wm.  H.  Richmond,        .... 
Ancient  Map  of  Hebron, 


p- 

17 

p- 

25 

p- 

27 

p- 

47 

p- 

73 

p- 

81 

p- 

87 

INDEX. 


Adams,  John,  35,  46,  88. 
Address,  Hon.  John  Bigelow,  7^. 

Historical,  26. 

W.  H.  Richmond,  80. 
Albiston,  Rev.  Roger,  2i2>- 
Allen,  Rev.  A.  M.,  t,2>- 

Isaac,  30. 

Michael,  51. 
Andover,  Mass.,  36. 
Antiques,  Display  of,  25. 
Appendix,  87. 

Bailey,  Joshua,  80. 

Nathaniel,  80. 

Simon,   48. 
Baptists,  ^2,  2i3- 

Barbour's  History  of  Conn.,  53. 
Barnes,  Rev.  Allen,  33. 
Bath,  Eng.,  39. 
Bell,  Rev.  Hiram,  19,  2>2,  59.  62,- 

Rev.  James,  21. 
Bentley,  Rev.  L.  D.,  22>- 
Bethlehem,   Conn.,   12. 
Bigelow,  Asa,  2i2>,  74- 

David,  34,  35,  74. 

David  S.,  9,  65,  67. 
Address  by,  65. 

Erastus,  74. 

Isaac,  74. 

Hon.  John,  7,  9,  25. 

Introduction   of,   71. 
Address  of,  j^- 

John  D.,  74. 
Bissell,  Daniel,  87,  88. 

F.  Clarence,  9,  52. 

Rev.  Oscar,  21. 
Black  Ledge  River,  49. 


Blish,  Augustus,   19,  20,  63. 

Daniel,  35,  50. 

Ezra,  2>i- 
Boardman,  Sarah,  P.  M.,  31. 
Bolles,  Horatio,   19,  20. 
Boston,  51. 
Boundaries,  46. 
Brainard,  A.  &  S.,  20. 

Caleb,  48. 
Brattle,  William,  51. 
Brink,  Capt.  Andrew,  75. 
Bristol,  Conn.,  57. 
Bristol,  N.  Y.,  75,  78. 
Buckingham,  Gov.,  45. 
Buell,  Col.  Elisha,  20,  27,  56,  81,  82. 
P.  M.,  31. 
Tavern.  29. 

Gen.  Enos  H.,  20,  56,  Sr,  82. 
P.  M.,  31. 

Isaac  B.,  51. 

]\Iary,  P.  M.,  31. 

Samuel,  .87. 

Theron  B.,  7. 

William,  14,  15,  20,  35,  88. 
Building   Committee    for    Meeting 

House,    17. 
Bulckly,  Mr.,  50. 
Bulkeley,  Rev.  John,  Z7- 

Rev.  Peter,  27- 
Burden,  Jeremiah,  :i:i. 
Burr,  Vice-Pres't,  34. 
Burrows,  Rev.  Daniel,  2>3- 
Burying  Ground,  36. 

Cambridge,  51. 
Carrier,  35. 

Andrew,  36. 


92 


MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 


Carrier.  Richard.  36. 

Thomas,  21. 

Thos.  and  family,  36. 
Carter,  Charles,  32. 

Ezra,  32,  35. 
Case,  Rev.  Wm.,  19. 
Celebration,  Account  of,  24. 
Chamberlain,  Daniel,  46,  88. 
Champion,  Epaphroditus,  27. 
Chase,  Rev.  INIoses,  33. 
Cheney  Bros.,  10. 
Cheney  Mfg.  Co.,  84. 
Chesebrongh,  Rev.  Dr.,  11. 
Chester,  18. 

Chicopee,  Mass.,  62.  ' 

Churches,  32,  33,  36. 
Church  Building,  19,  60. 

Cost  of,  63. 

Fund,  19. 

i\[embership,   ig. 

Organization  completed,   17. 
Citizens,  Meeting  of,  7. 
Civil  War,  43. 

Colchester,    14,    15.   26,   27,  31,   34, 
35,  36,  37.  41,  46,  48,  49, 
,  5i>  52,  53.  57,  74,  87,  88. 

Colebrook,  Conn.,  19,  59. 
Collins,  Dr.  Lewis,  31. 

Rev.  L.  C,  33- 
Colt,  Samuel,  58. 
Columbia,  21. 
Concord,  Mass.,  37. 
Cone,  Rev.  Solomon,  74. 
Cooper,  Rev.  John,  33. 
Cotton  Mills,  30,  81. 
Curtis,  Reuben,  32. 

Dana,  Rev.  Sylvester,  19. 
Dark  Hollow,  50,  54. 
Day,  Judge  Asa,  31. 

Asa,  P.  M.,  31. 

Thomas,  49. 
Deacons,  20,  21. 
Dean  Farm,  81. 
Dean,  Rev.  Sidney,  33. 
Dedication,  Church,  20. 
Devizes,  Eng.,  39. 


Dewey,  Admiral,  41. 

John,  51. 

Oliver,  33. 

Roger,  51. 

Capt.  Simeon,  41. 
Dibell,  Hen,  49. 
Dickinson,  David,  14,  46,  88. 

Seth,  33. 
Dodge,  Wm.  E.,  85. 
Dow,  Rev.  Lorenzo,  33. 
Duke  of  ^Marlborough,  31. 
Dunham,  Nathaniel,  49. 

Sylvester  C,  33. 
Dunning,  Rev.  Benj.,  18. 

Eastbury,  14,  15.  16,  33,  46,  87,  88, 

89. 
East  Canaan,  21. 
East  Haddam.  27. 

Probate  District,  27,  31. 
East  Hampton,  80. 
East  Hartford,  80. 
Ela,  Rev.  Benj.,  19. 
Eno,  Amos  R.,  85. 
Episcopalians,  32. 
Evolution  of  Town,  47. 

Falls  Village,  21. 
Fawn  Brook,  46,  49,  88. 
Fielding,  Samuel,  52. 
Finley,  David,  28. 

Harry,  48. 

John,  48. 

Samuel,  36. 

Wm.,  19,  20. 
Fiske,  Rev.  Warren,  21. 
Fitch,   Col.   Thomas,   51. 
Foote,  Ann,  80. 

Asa,   17,  32. 

Dr.,  31. 

Judge  George,  31. 

Joel,  26,  30,  31,  80,  81. 

Nathaniel,  80. 
Fox  Road,  old,  50. 
Fuller,  Rev.  George  P.,  7,  10,  21. 

John  H.,  9,  41. 
Fulling  JNIills,  30. 


INDEX. 


93 


Fulton,  Robert.  76,  ']']. 

Gardner,  Rev.  Robt.  D.,   19. 

Geneseo,  X.  Y..  36. 

Gilead,  iz.  54. 

Gillette.  Aaron,  z^. 

Glastonbury.  14.  26.  i-/,  zi^  34.  41, 

46.  48,  50,  51.  88. 
Goodrich,  Capt.  Ephraim.  50,  51 
Good  Will  Club,  25. 
Goodwin,  Elder  Wm.,  2>7- 
Gould,  Rev.  J.  B.,  z^. 
Rev.  Vincent,  ig. 
Great  River,  51. 
Griffin,  Rev.  r^Ir.,  33. 
Grist  ]\Iills.  30. 
Guilford.  69. 
Gunner}-,  30.  43.  81. 


Hosmer,  JNIrs.  Patience  Lord,  ic 
Hound,  Town,  35. 
Hubbard,  Capt.  David,  51. 
Huntington,  Rev.  Mr.,  18,  19. 
Hurst,  Rev.  Wm.,  ZZ- 
Huxford,  John,  48. 

Incorporation,  Society,  35,  46. 

Town,  26,  46. 
Indians,  35. 
Ingraham,  Elias,  57. 

Joseph,  30. 
Inventions.  Jona.  Kilborn,  30. 
Ishani,  Chas.  and  Giles,  75. 

Lucy,  74. 

Samuel.  75. 
Ives.  Rev.  Joel  S.,  9,  10,  11. 
Sermon.  11. 


Hall,  ]\Iary,  7.  9,  26. 
Address,  26. 

Hanna,  Rev.  Chas.  W..  21. 

Hart,  Rev.  Samuel.  9.  25.  68. 
Address,  68. 

Hartford,  11,  12,  51,  69.  80. 
County,  48. 
Coiiranf,  9,  24. 

Hartford  and  Xew  London  Coun- 
try Road,  50. 

Hartford  and  Xew  London  Turn- 
pike, 54,  57. 

Hartford  Times.  24. 

Harvey,  Rev.  Jasper  P.,  21. 

Hebron,  14,  15,  26,  27,  29,  32,  35, 
41,  46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51, 
53,  87,  88. 

Hebron  Choir,  10. 

Hempstead,  Rev.  John.   19. 

Henry,  Jos.  H.  and  \\''m..  85. 

Hills,  Chester,  48. 

Historical  Address,  26. 

Historical  Sermon,  11. 

History,  ^lilitary.  41. 

Holmes,  Rev.  Henry.  21. 

Home  Missionary  Society,  13,  36. 

Hooker,  Rev.  Thos.,  80. 

Hosford,  Daniel,  31,  35,  51. 


Jackson,  President,  29,  59. 
Jefferson,  President,  33. 
Jenkyns,  Rev.  Eben  H.,  21. 
Jeremy's  River,  49. 
Jones,  Eli,  32. 

Gideon,  Jr.,  ^2. 

John  S..  37. 

Samuel  F.,  33,  48. 
Jones  Street,  81. 
Joshua,  Sachem,  35.  51. 

Kellogg.  David.  81. 

Elijah,  27. 

Joseph,  20,  46,  88. 

Martin,  32. 

INIoses,  Jr.,  32. 

INIoses,  52. 
Kennett  River,  Eng.,  39. 
Kilborn,  David,  28. 

David,  P.  .M.,  31. 

Jonathan,  30,  57. 
Epitaph,  31. 
Inventions,  30. 
Kingsbury,  Dr.  Royal,  31. 
Kings  of  England,  39. 
Kneeland,  Benjamin,  14. 

Benjamin,  Jr..  14. 

David,  36. 


94 


MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 


Kneeland,  Eleazer,  30. 

Dr.  Hez.,  31. 

John,  14. 

Joseph,  14,  36. 
Kyle,  Rev.  R.  J.,  10. 

Lebanon,  29,  34,  59. 

Lee,  Rev.  Dr.  Chauncey,  19,  32,  59, 

60. 
Leffingwell,  Rev.  Morrison,  ^3. 
Legacies,  19. 
Lewis,  Rev.  Thomas,  19. 
Lexington  Alarm,  41. 
Livesey,  Rev.  Wm.,  S3- 
Livingston,  Chancellor,  76. 
London,  England,  39. 
Long  Island,  33. 
Lord,  Elisha,  32. 

Epaphras,  14,  28,  35,  37. 

Epaphras,  Jr.,  88. 

George,  19. 

Tchabod,  14,  35,  37- 

Richard,  37. 

Judge  Sherman  C,  31,  64. 

Capt.  Theodore,  20. 

Thomas,  37. 
Louisburg,  Capture  of,  53. 
Loveland,  Robert,  30. 

Samuel,  14,  35. 

Thomas,  21. 

Maiden,  N.  Y.,  74. 
Manufacturing  Co.,  Marlborough, 
29.  30. 

Union,  29,  30,  33. 
Marlborough  College,  Eng.,  39. 

Duke  of,  31. 

Eng.,  38. 

Manufacturing  Co.,  29,  30. 

j\Iass.,  34,  40. 
Marriage,  Intentions  of,  60. 
Mason,  Rev.  Mr.,  11,  17. 
Massachusetts,  12,  16,  21. 
May,  Hezekiah,  87,  88. 
McCray,  Dr.  Eleazer,  31. 
McGonigal,  Rev.  Robt.,  33. 
Mcintosh,  Dr.  Harrison,  31. 


Mcintosh,  Dr.  Luicus  W.,  31. 
Meeting  of  -Citizens,  7. 
Meeting    House,    Location    Estab- 
lished, 16. 

Built,  17. 

Finished,   18. 

Torn  Down,  20. 
Meriden,  Conn.,  81. 
Merritt,  Rev.  Timo.,  33. 
Methodists,  33. 
Mexican  War,  43. 
Middle  Haddam,  82. 
Middletown,  18,  46,  48,  59,  69,  88, 

89. 
Milford,  II.  y 

Military  History,  41. 
jNIilitia,  56. 

Miller,  Capt.  Daniel,  32. 
Alillington,  16. 
Mohegans,  35. 
Monroe,  President,  29,  80. 
Morgan,  J.  P.,  85. 
Moseley,  Jonathan  O.,  27. 
Mudge,  Ebenezer,  14. 

Navy,  1812,  42. 

Civil  War,  44. 
New  England  Primer,  64. 
New  Hampshire,  12. 
New  Haven,  11,  12,  69. 
New  London,  54. 
New  London  County,  48. 
New  Marlborough,  35. 
New  York,  12. 
Niles,  Nathan,  32. 
Norfolk,  Conn.,  61. 
Northam,  Alvan,  20,  63. 

Jonathan,  21,  51. 

Oliver,  51. 
North  Lyme,  18. 
Norton,  Rev.  Jno.  P.,  19. 
Noyes,  Rev.  James,  19. 

Ohio,  12. 

Ordinations,  17,  18,  19,  21. 

Oregon,   13. 

Ostrander,  Rev.  Dr.,  78. 


INDEX. 


95 


Owaneco,  35. 
Owen,  Joel,  21. 

Palmer,  Dr.,  31. 

Parker,  Charles,  81. 

Pensioners,  Revolutionary,  42. 

Pennsylvania,  83. 

Perrin,  Zachariah,  41. 

Petitions  to  Gen.  Ass.,  14,  15,  16, 

17,  26,  37. 
Phelps,  Aaron,  33. 

David,  64. 

John  Jay,  85. 

Joseph,  Jr.,  46,  88. 

Noah,  51. 

Oliver,  33. 

Wm.,  20,  63. 
Physicians,  31. 
Pike,  Rev.  Alpheus  J.,  21. 
Pine  Hill,  46. 
Pitkin,  Joseph,  15. 
Pomperaug  Valley,  12. 
Pongeronks,  35. 
Poor,  State,  37. 

Town's,  36. 
Porter,  Comptroller,  34. 

Dr.  John  B.,  31. 
Post,  Daniel,  33. 
Post-office,  First,  31. 
Postmasters,  31. 
Probate  Judges,  31. 
Program,  g. 
Pumptown,  53. 

Raising  of  Church,  62. 
Rankin,  Rev.  S.  W.  G.,  21. 
Rattlesnake  Rock,  49. 
Reminiscences,  Hart  Talcott,  53. 
Resolution  Gen.  Assembly,  87,  88 
Revolutionary  Record,  41. 
Richmond,  John,  80. 

William  H.,  7,  9,  38,  71. 

William  H.,  Address,  80. 

Wm.  Wadsworth,  80. 
Ripley,  Rev.  David  B.,  19. 

David  B.,  Clerk,  30. 
Robard,  James,  49. 


Roberts,  .M.  L.,  36. 
Root,  Daniel,  46,  88. 

Edward,  30,  33.  . 

Ross,  Rev.  Chas.  D.,  21. 
Roxbury,  12. 

Saddlers  Ordinary,  35. 
Salmon  River,  80. 
Saugerties,  N.  Y.,  71,  74,  75,  76. 
Sawmill,  30. 
Saybrook,  18,  69. 

Men,  51. 

Platform,  12. 
Schools  and  Schoolhouses,  31,  32. 
Sears,  Rev.  John,  74. 

Rachael,  80. 
Sebago,  Me.,  21. 
Seldon,  Geo.,  85. 
Sermon,  Historical,  11. 
Shepard,  Cornelius,  21. 
Silk  ^Manufacturing,  30,  83,  84. 
Simsbury,  Conn.,  85. 
Skinner,  Abraham,  14,  87. 

Dea.  David,  21,  32,  35,  36. 

David,  Jr.,  21. 

I.  Lord,  57. 
Smith,  Dr.   David,  31. 
Soldiers,  Civil  War,  43,  44. 

Mexican  War,  43. 

Revolutionary,  41,  42. 

Spanish  War,  45. 
South  Canaan,  21. 
Spanish  War,  1898,  45. 
Spaulding,  Dr.,  31. 
Spencer,  2d,  Isaac,  27. 
Stamford,  11. 

Stocking,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  33. 
Stratford,  11,  12. 
Strong,  Eben,  21. 

Eleazer,  18. 

Ezra,  16,  35. 

Deacon,  55. 

Dr.  Zenas,  31. 

Talcott  Farm,  52. 
Talcott,  Gad,  53. 
Hart,  7,  9,  53. 


96 


MARLBOROUGH     CENTENNIAL. 


Talcott,  Capt.  JNloseley,  19,  20,  25, 
53,  55,  60,  63. 

Widow  Lucj',  46,  88. 
Taylor,  Closes,  85. 
Thames  River,  Eng.,  39. 
Thanksgiving,  1705,  53. 
Tolland  County,  48. 
Torbush,  Rev.  Henry,  3;}. 
Town  Meeting,  First.  28. 
Treasurer's  Report,  8. 
Truesdale,  Augustus.  20,  62,  63. 
Trumbull,  Gov..  34. 

J.  H.,  35- 
Tuhi,  35. 
Turnpikes,  29. 
Turramuggus,  35,  38. 
Tyler,  Rev.  Jos.  P.,  19. 

Rev.  Dr.,  20. 

Union  Manufacturing  Co.,  29,  30, 

33- 
Union  Village,  N.  Y.,  74. 

Vail,  Rev.  H.  W.,  21. 
Rev.  Wm.  F.,  19. 

Vermont,  12,  74. 

Waddams,  John,   14. 
Wadsworth,  Prudence,  80. 

William,  80. 
Wales,  36. 
War,  Civil,  43. 
War  of  1812,  42. 


War,  Mexican.  43. 

Revolution.  41,  42. 

Spanish,  45. 
Warner,  E.  C,  P.  M.,  31- 

Harriet  Buell.  P.  M.,  31,  82. 
Washington,  13. 

Conn.,  12. 

Gen.  George,  29,  59. 
Waters,  Dorothy,  14. 
Watertown,  Mass.,  34. 
Watkinson,  Edward  B.,  19,  20,  63. 
West  Brooklield,  Mass.,  80. 
Westchester,  14,  15,  16. 
West  India  Trade,  82. 
Wethersheld,  11,  50,  80. 
Wheat,  John.  3;^. 
Whight,  Joseph,  14. 
Williams,  Weeks,  s~- 
Wilson,  Mrs.  Eliz.  Crow  Warren, 

Wiltshire,  Eng.,  38. 

Windsor,  11. 

Windsor  Locks  Canal,  57. 

Witch,  Hanging  for,  36. 

Wolcott,  Roger,  Jr.,  87.  88. 

Wood,  Jonathan  N.,  50,  51. 

Woodbridge,    Mrs.    Abigail    Lord, 

37- 
Rev.  Timo.,  31,  37. 
Woodbury,  12. 

Woodrufif,  Rev.  Ephraim,  19. 
Woodward,  Madison.  20. 
Workhouse,  ;i7. 
Wyllys.   Sec,  34. 


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